2011-10-21 13:56:00

火灾隐患的概念及特征

（1）火灾隐患的概念     火灾隐患—指违法消防法律、法规有可能造成火灾危害的隐藏的祸患叫火灾隐患。含意包括三个方面：     A、增加发生生火灾的危险性，违反规定储存、使用、运输的化学物品。     B、一旦发现火灾，会增加对人身和财产的危害。如建筑的分隔、建筑结构的防火性能，防排烟设施等的随意改变，违反规定装修，疏散出口方面、消防设施等。     C、一旦导致火灾，无法及时扑救，如水源、道路，建筑物高度等。     （2）火灾隐患的特征（火灾隐患包括哪些方面）      ①消防安全布局，消防站，消防供水，消防通讯，消防车道，消防装备等内容的消防规划未纳入城市总体规划的，或者虽已纳入城市总体规划，但未组织有关部门实施的，公共消防设施，消防装备不足或不适应实际需要的，属火灾隐患。     ②易燃易爆化学危险品的生产、使用的厂址，储存和销售的地址，调压站的位置不符合消防安全要求，一旦发生火灾，会影响并殃及的邻单位和附近居民安全的。     ③危险品方面：易燃易爆物品未附有燃点、闪点、爆炸极限等数据说明书和消防防爆注意事项的，独立包装的易燃易爆危险品未贴附危险品标签的，易燃易爆危险品的运输、储存不符合消防安全要求，性能抵触和灭火方法不同的危险品混装、混储以及销售和使用不符合防火要求的，销毁易燃易爆危险品不符合消防安全要求的，非法携带火种进入易燃易爆危险品场所，或者易燃易爆危险品的运输车辆停放位置不当的。     ④生产工艺流程不合理、超温、超压以及配比浓度接近爆炸浓度极限而无可靠的安全保护措施，随时有可能达到爆炸危险界限易造成着火或爆炸的；设备有跑、冒、滴、漏现象，不能及时检修而带病作业，有造成火灾危险的；生产设备与生产工艺条件不相适应的，安全装置或附近没有安装或虽安装但失灵的；易燃易爆设备和容器检修前，未经严格的清洗和测试、检修的方法和工具选用不当等；不符合设备动火检修的有关程序和要求，易造成着火或爆炸的。     ⑤火源管理不严，在具有火灾危险的场所使用明火作业，或虽因特殊情况需试用明火作业，但未按规定办理动火审批手续而作业的，或者虽经批准，但作业人员未按消防安全规定操作，未采取相应消防安全措施的；在应当有“严禁明火”的区域内无“严禁明火”的醒目标志，或虽有但执行不严格，及有乱动火的迹象或抽烟现象的；或在用火作业场所有易燃物尚未清除，明火源或其他热源靠近可燃结构或其他可燃物等有引起火灾危险的。     ⑥电器产品，燃气用具的质量不符合国家或者行业核准的；电器产品，燃气用具安装的安装、使用和线路、管理的设计、敷设不符合有关消防安全技术规定的；电气设备、线路、开关严重超负荷，线路老化，保险装置失灵，场所、设备、装置应当安设避雷和防静电装置但未安设，或虽有但已失灵或失效的，或保护范围尚有死角的，爆炸危险场所的电气线路、开关和电器不防爆或达不到防爆等级要求的。     ⑦建筑的耐火等级。建筑结构与生产工艺或者物品的火灾危险性质不相适应，建筑的防火间距，防火分区或安全疏散及通风系统等不符合防火规范要求的，在防火间距内堆放可燃物，建易燃建筑的；疏散通道、安全出口不能保障畅通，或未设置国家规定的消防安全疏散标志的，公共场所的室内装修，装饰采用易燃材料或未选用依照产品质量法的规定确定的检验机构检验合格的材料的；在设有车间或者仓库的建筑物内设置员工集体宿舍的。     ⑧未按国家有关规定配置消防设施和器材，设置消防安全标志的，或者虽有配置，但数量不足或失去功能的，消防车道被堵塞，消火栓或水泵按合器被重物覆盖或被埋压，圈占会影灭火行动的，或者未能定期组织检修，不能确保消防设施，器材完好有效的。     ⑨公众聚集的场所未经消防安全检查或检查不合格，擅自使用或者开业的；举办具有火灾危险性的大型集会，篝火晚会等群众性活动，主办单位未落实消防安全措施，制定灭火应急疏散预案，且未经公安消防机构对活动现场进行消防安全检查合格便擅自举办的。     ⑩消防安全重点单位未建立健全防火档案，未对消防安全重点部位实行严格管理，未实行防火巡查并对职工进行消防安全培训，未制定灭火和应急疏散预案和定期组织消防训练的。     以上为主要内容，其余的以消防法规为准。

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