2011-10-24 11:34:00

噪声也能损害你的视力

噪声会给人们的工作、生活和健康带来危害。噪声对人的听力的影响是最直接的，严重的话可以导致耳聋。而且这种听力损害是不可逆的。但是你知道么?噪声不仅会损害人的听力，还会损害人的视力。最近，美国一家研究机构的研究人员称，噪声在作用于听觉器官的同时，也作用于视觉器官，使其不能正常发挥作用。     当噪声强度在90分贝时，视网膜中的视杆细胞区别光亮的敏感性开始下降，识别弱光反应的时间也开始延长;当噪声在95分贝时，有40%的人瞳孔放大;当噪声达到115分贝时，眼睛对光亮的敏感性下降20%。噪声还能使视力清晰度的稳定性下降。比如，噪声在70分贝时，视力清晰度恢复到稳定状态需要20分钟;噪声达到85分贝时，视力清晰度恢复到稳定状态至少需要1个小时。     噪声还可以使眼睛对运动物体的对称性平衡反应失灵。研究发现，噪声可刺激人的神经系统，对其产生抑制作用。长期在噪声环境中工作的人，还会出现神经衰弱症状(如头痛、头晕、耳鸣、记忆力衰退、视力下降等)。调查表明，在乘务员中，对运动物体的对称平衡敏感者少，迟钝者多。     此外，噪声还可使人的色觉、色视野出现异常。调查发现，在接触稳态噪声的工人中，出现红、绿、白三色视野缩小者的比率高达80%。     司机在驾车过程中，当车厢里的音响达到95分贝时，音响发出的声音会与机车的振动声联合作用，使司机眼睛对光亮的灵敏度明显下降，识别弱光的反应时间延长。这样，司机辨别车外情况的能力就会降低，发生车祸的危险性也相应提高。     所以，司机驾车时听音乐，一定不要将音量开得过大，这既是为了保护听力，也是为了确保眼睛对光亮保持一定的敏感度，确保行车安全。

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