http://www.esafety.cn/blog/wll/66030/index.html

鼻部伤害事故的应急处理

作者[孙锡云] 发表于[2011-3-12 9:54:00]

鼻部伤害事故的应急处理

1.鼻出血

鼻出血是鼻腔内血管破裂所致。鼻出血在日常工作和生活中常见,引起的原因较多。发生鼻出血时,不要紧张、慌乱,以免加重出血,应按以下方法处置。

伤员坐在椅子上,用拇指和食指紧捏两侧鼻翼,压迫止血5-10分钟。
同时可用冰袋或冷湿毛巾冷敷伤者额部和后颈部。
如上述方法不能止血或出血量较大时,则可用鼻腔填塞方法止血。即将卷紧的纱布条(棉花条、软纸条等),轻轻塞入出血的鼻孔填紧,以求压迫止血。如还不能止血,则可加长纱条再次填塞,如能在纱条上滴几滴麻黄素液,则效果更好。
出血止住后,填塞物应在4-12小时后取出。
不要吞下流入口腔的鼻血,应吐在碗内或盆里,以便观察出血量。
如经上述处理仍然不能止血,或出血量过大,则应迅速送往医院作进一步治疗。

2.鼻腔异物

当异物初进入鼻腔内,主要表现是鼻塞、打喷嚏、流鼻涕等。当异物存留较久时,其主要表现是鼻塞、流脓涕、恶臭、头痛、头晕等。按以下方法处理:

用麻黄素液或滴鼻净滴鼻,使鼻腔粘膜收缩。
吸一大口气,然后闭嘴并用手指堵住没有异物的鼻孔,再用力呼气,可将异物喷出。
如不能喷出,可用镊子夹取,此法对于质地柔软的异物(如纸卷、纱条等)最为适宜。
如较硬的圆形光滑的异物,则宜用弯钩自鼻前孔伸入,经异物上方伸至异物后面,然后向前钩出。
经以上方法还不能取出,则应送往医院处理。

3.鼻部创伤

鼻部位于面部中央,紧邻颅底,系呼吸道上口,血液循环极为丰富。因此,鼻部创伤常伴有严重出血、窒息、骨折和颅脑损伤。其抢救的基本方法如下:

较重的鼻部创伤,有大量的血液、凝血块、异物、碎骨片等流入咽喉部。极易阻塞呼吸道,引起窒息,尤其是伴有颅脑损伤昏迷的伤员,此时除按颅脑伤采取侧卧外,还应特别注意清除口咽部的血块等异物,保持呼吸通畅。如出血量大,可采取侧俯卧位,使口腔尽量处于低位,以利血液顺利流出,如果伤员出现窒息,又不能缓解时,应立即送医院进行气管插管吸出血液等异物。
对鼻部创伤后出血,现场可按上述鼻出血方法处置,但对较大出血往往效果不佳。因多为鼻后部出血,需专科医生处理,此时可按压颈动脉减少出血,并迅速送医院。
鼻部创伤情况较危急,应迅速送医院,如有离体鼻或其他组织应一道送医院。
对鼻部伤口,不论轻重,均用无菌纱布或干净布巾覆盖包扎,送医院作进一步处理。注意不要在伤口涂擦任何药品,伤口对合要整齐,以免以后影响面部美观。

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    原创

    作者[原创(游客)] 发表于[2016-9-30 16:12:14]
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    原创

    作者[原创(游客)] 发表于[2016-9-28 21:30:59]
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    原创

    作者[原创(游客)] 发表于[2016-9-6 21:54:07]
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