9月17日下午5时许,甘肃省兰州市,黄河兰州段河堤再次垮塌,垮塌长度50米。9月16日凌晨,前两次垮塌地段再次发生连续性坍塌,坍塌长度已经达到350米长。
如果河堤是注定非垮不可,那为什么不能在寿终正寝前未雨绸缪;如果这些垮塌事件纯属意外,有什么理由说明这种垮塌是风和日丽里的“不可抗力”?
黄河水表示很困惑:我还没涨呢,你咋自己就塌了?
今日的黄河垮堤,已经不复大禹治水时的惊悚与惶然:一是因为河水供不应求而断流截流,二是因为诸多防汛力量已集结预备着。然而,这种一垮再垮之诡异,还是警示河堤安全与防护责任。半个月前,河堤垮了,半个月后,“旧堤重垮”——说法还是那些说法,譬如长期浸泡、譬如自然沉降云云,但问题是,河堤不是用来浸泡难道是用来风干的?其他河段的堤坝为何没有在“自然沉降”中溃坏不堪?
黄河河堤险情频现已经不是一次两次的事情了,而因此带来的大大小小伤害也足以聚沙成塔、警示世人。道理还是那些道理,譬如按照专家的说法,要么是按照水法、防洪法等相关法律法规,加大对河道内违章建筑、乱倒乱弃、乱采乱挖、破坏堤防等行为的整治力度,要么建立完善防洪基础设施建设的长效机制,有洪无洪都要进行日常性的加固维修河堤隐患,疏通河道。但问题是,这些或可人命关天的责任,究竟谁才是真正的“责任人”?
有人说,“旧堤重垮”的河段,多少会让人联想起哈尔滨短命的大桥、月球般的“天定高速”……因为按照著名的墨菲定律,糟糕的事情只要隐患存在,该发生的必然会发生,小概率危险从不会因为我们的无视就真的相安无事。事实上,对于河堤垮塌的风险,相关部门并未视而不见,有数据显示,进入汛期以来,甘肃先后申请并调拨中央防汛物资、省级防汛物资铅丝网片6400片、编织袋8万条,支持各地加固堤防、抢护险情。目前,当地已投入抢险人员4.3万人次,机械车辆8811台次。那么,为什么还是会出现“旧堤重垮”的尴尬呢?
“人不可能两次踏入同一条河流”,遗憾的是,人却可能两次犯同一个错误。“旧堤重垮”,损失与险情无可规避,最要紧的一个问题是,这次连续剧般的河堤垮塌,究竟算天灾还是人祸?在没有后续危害的时候,垮塌损失不过是堤坝修复的成本,而如果因此而带来更多次生危机,谁为之埋单明晃晃的职能责任?更大的问题是,抢修固然可以解决暂时的垮塌之祸,绵延的全堤安全能靠这种事后补丁弥补?垮一次,修一次;跨两次,修两次——若垮成财政的无底洞,黄河河道安全是否就此无解?
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