22亿人次受灾,10.3万人因灾死亡失踪,直接经济损失2.4万亿元……回望过去五年,一串沉重的数字刺激人们的神经。
南方低温雨雪冰冻灾害、四川汶川特大地震、青海玉树地震、甘肃舟曲泥石流灾害……回首“十一五”,一连串严重自然灾害向世人敲响警钟……
“我国面临的自然灾害的风险正在上升,可能正在进入一个自然灾害频发的时期。”国家减灾委专家委员会副主任史培军忧心忡忡。
“"十一五"期间多种严重灾害的交替、叠加,这更提醒我们必须加快构建防灾减灾安全屏障。”全国政协常委郑兰荪呼吁。
“进一步加强防灾减灾工作,是当前和今后一个时期重大而紧迫的任务。”中国领导科学研究会副秘书长洪向华严肃地指出。
灾情反映国情——我国是世界上自然灾害最为严重的国家之一,灾害种类多、分布地域广、发生频率高、造成损失重。在经济社会快速发展和全球气候变化的背景下,我国面临的灾害风险增高,灾害损失加重,严重影响了我国经济社会的可持续发展和人民生命财产安全。
党中央、国务院十分关注减灾救灾工作,刚刚闭幕的党的十七届五中全会对受灾群众的生活安排和灾后恢复重建提出明确要求,并进一步提出,“要坚持兴利除害结合、防灾减灾并重、治标治本兼顾、政府社会协同,尽快启动水利重点薄弱环节工程建设,加快建立地质灾害易发区调查评价体系、监测预警体系、防治体系、应急体系,提高对自然灾害的综合防范和抵御能力。”
10月22日,民政部部长李立国紧急主持召开部长办公会议,认真贯彻落实党的十七届五中全会精神,专题研究部署今后一个阶段的减灾救灾工作。25日,民政部向各地民政部门发出《关于贯彻落实党的十七届五中全会精神切实做好近期减灾救灾工作的通知》,要求民政部门超前部署近期工作,超常规安排救灾款物,切实安排好受灾群众基本生活。在国家减灾委员会办公室常务副主任、民政部救灾司司长张卫星看来,目前我国救灾工作面临的形势非常严峻,任务十分繁重。特别是在党和政府承诺更加注重保障和改善民生的形势下,救灾工作保障受灾群众生活,维护社会稳定的地位和作用更加突出,所肩负的政治责任也更加重大。
“一方面,近年来我国极端天气事件明显增多,各类灾害的突发性、反常性、难以预见性日益突出,对我们的救灾力量和能力建设提出更高要求;另一方面,救灾工作越来越受到社会各界的普遍关注,对救灾工作的规范化水平提出了更高的要求。”张卫星说。
毋庸置疑,我国现行救灾政策对于紧急开展灾害应急救助、过渡性生活救助,抓紧开展倒损房屋恢复重建,有序开展冬春救助,有效保障受灾群众基本生活,维护灾区社会秩序稳定等方面,发挥了巨大的作用。但随着经济社会的发展,人民群众思想观念、利益诉求、生活方式发生了很大变化,现行救灾政策显然在保障水平、覆盖范围、规范管理等方面存在不足。
同时,减灾专家表示,我国目前综合防灾减灾能力亟待提升。以城市为例,很多城市仍存在着市政建设规划考虑灾害因素不充分,一些基础设施及公共设施老化及灾害设防标准偏低,城市居民应急避难场所少,城市灾害隐患还不能完全清楚,部分城市居民的防灾减灾意识比较淡薄等一系列问题。
展望“十二五”,我国防灾减灾法律法规体系建设、资金保障机制建设、人才队伍建设、科技支撑能力建设,巨灾综合应对能力建设,灾害监测预警预报体系建设,灾害应急救援救助能力建设,城乡综合减灾能力建设等将进一步得到加强,人民群众的安全感也将得到有效提升。
张卫星表示,下一步,民政部将围绕建立健全救灾应急体系、精心编制实施减灾救灾事业发展规划,着力加强防灾救灾规范化建设,继续强化减灾能力建设,全面提高国家对自然灾害的综合防范和抵御能力。
“当前,我们的任务是按照党的十七届五中全会关于要高度重视,科学规划,加大投入,精心组织,全力抓好的要求,全力做好新灾应急、倒损民房恢复重建、冬春生活救助等工作,全力保障好受灾群众的基本生活。”张卫星说。
(卫敏丽)
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