从很多矿难发生后的调查可以得到这样一个结论:很多矿难事故发生前,已经有了明显的事故征兆,但是因为现场处理者的经验不足,或者要层层上报,延误了人员的撤出,导致了群死群伤事故的发生。正因如此,国务院出台了23号文件,目的在于:让安全水平和技能相对较高的矿领导,在伴随下井的过程中,能了解井下安全生产状态,发现隐患及时排除,同时也可以洞察矿工心态,舒缓他们的工作压力;而一旦井下有紧急情况,矿领导也能根据综合掌握的一手信息,应急指挥,确定一个科学、有效的处理方法。正如国家煤矿安全监察局局长赵铁锤所指出的,“此前许多事实和实践经验表明,只要煤矿领导坚持带班下井,相当一部分事故是完全可以避免的。特别是当煤矿发现严重险情时,带班领导在采取立即停产、排除隐患、组织撤人等紧急处置措施方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用。”如此看来,矿领导带班下井,可以明显减少事故的发生;即便是发生了事故,只要指挥有方,处置得当,就可以将人员伤亡损失降到最低限度。
但是少数企业巧言搪塞、钻规定空子的现象频频出现,这次广西河池朝阳煤矿突击提拔了7名矿长助理下井带班是一个最好的例证。有的人把责任推到政策制订者的身上,说什么规定不严、措施不力,才导致了钻空子现象的发生,事实真的是这样吗?其实,政策规定是一张网,无论多么的严密,总是有空可钻,这就要看执行者的认识,比如这次的23号令,是否还要规定下井后领导在什么位置、做什么呢?
此次,面对国务院要求煤矿和非煤矿山领导带班并与工人同时下井、升井的23号文件,朝阳煤矿“下有对策”,从个人安危考虑,与制度玩“躲猫猫”游戏。“突击提拔矿长助理”是一个信号,更是一种警示。在“下有对策”雏形显现的时候,“上有政策”应高度重视,迅速堵住空隙、打上补丁。更关键的是,必须对“下有对策”者予以严惩,首先这是一种违法行为,《安全生产法》第二十条规定,“生产经营单位的主要负责人和安全生产管理人员必须具备与本单位所从事的生产经营活动相应的安全生产知识和管理能力”,“危险物品的生产、经营、储存单位及矿山、建筑施工单位的主要负责人和安全生产管理人员,应当由有关主管部门对其安全生产知识和管理能力考核合格后,方可任职”,突击提拔的人员有没有经过培训取得有关的资格证书;其次,这是对安全生产工作的漠视,23号令的初衷是让矿领导重视安全生产工作,减少安全生产事故的发生,并非只是同时上下井这样的简单。事实上,一个人的安全素质、安全意识与他的职务之间没有必然联系,并不是说提拔到领导位置就天然地具备了安全技能,安全生产是一门很复杂的科学,只有通过不断学习实践才能提高安全生产管理水平。
作者单位:江苏省淮安市安全生产监督管理局
(王东照)- 上一篇:安全事故与环境事故需联防联控
- 下一篇:管理者经常讲的故事
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