河南小小蜱虫竟然能致人死亡!什么毒虫这么危险,我们带你近距离看蜱虫。2010年的夏天,在河南省商城县有很多人被一种名叫蜱的虫子咬伤,情况严重者竟然死亡。一时引起了当地居民的恐慌。
9月8日晚,来自河南省卫生厅的消息,从2007年5月发现首例疑似无形体病例以来,截至2010年9月8日,河南省共监测发现此类综合症病例557例,死亡18例。重点集中在信阳市商城县、浉河区、光山县和平桥区。
据了解,河南此次发现的发热伴血小板减少综合症,发病时间主要集中在5-8月,发病年龄以40~70岁居多。此病以发热伴白细胞、血小板减少和多脏器功能损害为主要特点,潜伏期1-2周,大多急性起病,持续高热,可达40摄氏度以上。其临床表现主要为全身不适、乏力、头痛、肌肉酸痛以及恶心、呕吐、厌食、腹泻等。可伴有心肝肾等多脏器功能损害。
蜱虫蜱属于寄螨目、蜱总科。成虫在躯体背面有壳质化较强的盾板,通称为硬蜱,属硬蜱科;无盾板者,通称为软蜱,属软蜱科。全世界已发现的约800余种,计硬蜱科约700多种,软蜱科约150种,纳蜱科1种。我国已记录的硬蜱科约100种,软蜱科10种。蜱是许多种脊椎动物体表的暂时性寄生虫,是一些人兽共患病的传播媒介和贮存宿主。
危害
1、有小手指甲盖那么大小吧,掉到人身上后往身上钻,钻到大脑就完了
2、蜱叮咬人后会散发一种麻醉,在将头埋在皮肤内吸血,同时它分泌有一种可以对人体有害的物质。钻入人体需及时取出。若不及时取出:
轻者,数年后遇阴雨天气,患者便瘙痒难忍。
重者,高烧不退、深度昏迷、抽搐,引发森林脑炎。
电视播出有两例例患者,第一例是自行取出将头留在了皮肤,治好后全身瘫痪无力不能自行站立。
蜱螫伤临床特点:
一、病因:由硬蜱或软蜱的口器刺入皮肤后引起
二、皮疹特点:水肿性丘疹或小结节,红肿、水疱或淤斑,中央有虫咬的痕迹。有时可发现蜱。
三、自觉症状:瘙痒或疼痛。
四、蜱麻痹:系蜱唾液中的神经毒素所致,易发生在小儿,表现为急性上行性麻痹,可因呼吸衰竭致死。
五、蜱咬热:在蜱吸血后数日出现发热、畏寒、头痛、腹痛、恶心、呕吐等症状
预防
1、如发现切勿自行取出及时去医院取出。(医生会在伤口周围消毒、在打麻醉在伤口上麻醉蜱、等蜱完全麻醉再用捻子轻松夹出。)
2、蜱将头钻入皮肤内时头有倒勾越拉越紧,自行取出容易将头留着皮肤内继续感染。再去医院取头极为麻烦。
3、被虫子咬不能立刻打死虫子应该把他吹走要不毒素更大。
4、蜱螫伤预防一、发现停留在皮肤上的蜱时,切勿用力撕拉,以防撕伤组织或口器折断而产生的皮肤继发性损害。可用氯仿、乙醚、煤油、松节油或旱烟涂在蜱头部待蜱自然从皮肤上落下。
二、对伤口进行消毒处理,如口器断入皮内应行手术取出。
三、伤口周围有0.5%普鲁卡因局封。
四、出现全身中毒症状时可给予抗组胺药和皮质激素。发现蜱咬热及蜱麻痹时除支持疗法外,作相应的对症处理,及时抢救。
个人防护:进入有蜱地区要穿防护服,扎紧裤脚、袖口和领口。外露部位要涂擦驱避剂(避蚊胺、避蚊酮、前胡挥发油),或将衣服用驱避剂浸泡。离开时应相互检查,勿将蜱虫带回家中。
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