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乙炔气割枪回火的预防 | 2013-2-4 8:24:00
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乙炔气作为割枪燃气,在船舶制造修理及钢结构行业应用广泛。乙炔气割枪具有预热速度快、起割容易等优点,尤其方便用于切割生锈的,带有氧化皮或严重污染的金属板和薄板。但另一方面,乙炔属于易燃易爆气体,与氧气或空气混合,遇火源会剧烈燃烧甚至爆炸。而且在一定的温度和压力条件下,乙炔会分解生成碳黑和氢气,反应释放大量热能,会导致爆炸发生。乙炔还能在一定条件下聚合生成链状或环状结构的有机化合物,如在400℃~500℃下,可以特殊性聚合反应生成苯。乙炔聚合时会放热,温度越高,聚合速度越快,热量的积聚会进一步加速聚合,同时发生聚合物分解,最终引起爆炸。
回火是使用乙炔气割枪进行气割作业时最容易发生的事故类型之一,是乙炔气体火焰进入割枪喷嘴内逆向燃烧的现象,特征是火焰突然熄灭,割枪内发出急速的“嘶嘶”声。在使用乙炔气割枪进行切割的过程中,如果操作不当,很可能发生回火事故,轻则损坏设备工具,重则可能发生爆炸,威胁操作人员的生命安全。回火引起的事故存在很大的隐蔽性,往往不容易找出事故发生的确切原因。笔者结合多年来在船舶企业安全管理一线的工作经验,对造成乙炔割枪回火的原因进行分析,并提出回火的预防措施。
回火是使用乙炔气割枪进行气割作业时最容易发生的事故类型之一,是乙炔气体火焰进入割枪喷嘴内逆向燃烧的现象,特征是火焰突然熄灭,割枪内发出急速的“嘶嘶”声。在使用乙炔气割枪进行切割的过程中,如果操作不当,很可能发生回火事故,轻则损坏设备工具,重则可能发生爆炸,威胁操作人员的生命安全。回火引起的事故存在很大的隐蔽性,往往不容易找出事故发生的确切原因。笔者结合多年来在船舶企业安全管理一线的工作经验,对造成乙炔割枪回火的原因进行分析,并提出回火的预防措施。
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