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苯中毒的临床表现与应急预防 | 2011-12-13 8:03:00

; Benzene; CAS71-43-2

  理化性质

  无色透明,易燃液体。分子式C6-H6。分子量78.11。相对密度0.8794(20)。熔点5.51。沸点80.1。闪点-10.11(闭杯)。自燃点562.22。蒸气密度2.77。蒸气压 13.33kPa(26.1 )。蒸气与空气混合物爆炸限 1.48.0% 。不 溶于水,与乙醇、 氯仿、乙醚、 二硫化碳、四氯化碳、冰醋酸、丙酮、油混溶。遇热、明火易燃烧、爆炸。能与氧化剂, 如五氟化溴、氯气、三氧化铬、高氯酸、硝酰、氧气、臭氧、过氯酸盐、(三氯化铝+过氯酸氟)(硫酸+高锰酸盐)、过氧化钾、 (高氯酸铝+乙酸) 过氧化钠发生剧烈反应。不能与乙硼烷共存。

  侵入途径

  蒸气可经呼吸道吸收,液体经消化道吸收完全。皮肤可吸收少量。

  临床表现

  急性中毒:短时间内吸入大量苯蒸气或口服多量液态苯后出现兴奋或酒醉感, 伴有粘膜刺激症状,可有头晕、头痛、恶心、呕吐、步态不稳。重症者可有昏迷、抽搐、呼吸及循环衰竭。尿酚和血苯可增高。亚急性中毒: 短期内吸入较高浓度后可出现头晕、头痛、乏力、失眠等症状。约经12个月后可发生再生障碍性贫血。如及早发现, 经脱离接触,适当处理,一般预后较原发性再障为好。

  应急处理

  (1)对轻症患者,要迅速将其移至空气新鲜的地方,脱去被污染衣服,松开所有的衣服及颈、胸部纽扣。腰带,使其静卧,口鼻如有污垢物,要立即清除,以保证肺通气正常,呼吸通畅。并且要注意身体的保暖。轻度患者经上述救治后。一般可恢复。此外,尚应妥善处理现场。

  (2)对中毒程度较重患者,要密切观察其神志、瞳孑L、呼吸、脉搏、血压等有无变化,如有烦躁不安,但意识尚清,可肌肉注射异丙嗪12.525mg。因哌替啶对呼吸中枢有抑制作用,应用时要慎重。

  (3)患者如有明显的烦躁或抽搐不止时,可用苯巴比妥或副醛作肌肉注射,也可予10%的水合氯醛1020m1或副醛进行肛内灌注。还可针刺风池、神门等穴。

  已经确诊为慢性苯中毒的患者,无论程度如何,都要调离原工作岗位,进行必要的治疗。治疗原则除支持治疗、对症治疗、预防感染以外,主要采用中西医结合疗法,疗效较好。对神经衰弱征候群经一般对症处理,可逐渐恢复。治疗主要采用生白细胞药物。

  选用苯中毒治疗药物时,要根据病情进行协调。但不宜过多,每次以23种为宜,不见效时再行换药,应用激素要慎重

  预防措施

  ①用无毒或低毒物质代替苯。

  ②改革工艺,减少接触,如采用电喷漆。

  ③加强通风排毒和个人防护,定期侧定苯的浓度。

  ④经常对生产设备进行维护和检修,防止跑、冒、滴、漏。

  ⑤急需进人检修时需使用正压式空气呼吸器,并应有人在现场监护。

  ⑥进人可能存在苯的场所,必须遵守操作规程,佩戴防毒面具。

 

Re:苯中毒的临床表现与应急预防 | 2011-12-13 8:05:24
章仁根苯较容易中毒,预防措施要落实.
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原创 | 2016-9-6 21:39:16
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原创 | 2016-9-28 21:13:34
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原创 | 2016-9-30 15:56:33
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-16 2:26:33
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-16 17:33:55
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-16 17:46:03
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-16 23:12:50
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-21 3:04:50
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 14:59:49
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 18:44:05
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-2-20 0:16:18
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-2-20 18:13:36
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