酷暑即至,饮食自然不能再按秋冬“菜单”来,否则很可能造成部分营养成分的不足和失衡,进而影响正常神经调节与免疫调节等生理机能,引发相关疾病。盛夏之际,除了讲究饮食卫生、预防肠道传染病外,这“营养经”究竟该怎么念?营养专家提醒:念好‘均、碱、水’这三字诀就好办了!
均:营养摄入要均衡
夏天炎热,人体出汗多,水分和矿物质流失大,同时人体活动增加,对能量的需求也较冬天为多,因此应注意膳食营养摄入的两个均衡:
一是各种营养成分的均衡。对大多数人而言,只要不偏食、不挑食,注意好饮食中荤素、粗精的搭配,使蛋白质,维生素B、E、C,碳水化合物,以及钙、镁、锌等矿物质得到全面均衡的摄入,一般就能避免营养失衡。特别是可以多吃瓜果类应季蔬菜,维生素和矿物质的摄入会比较好。同时,夏季饮食应以清淡为主,少食肥腻。
二是进、出的均衡。夏季饮食的秘诀,同样就是进、出平衡的原则,身体消耗多少热量,就需要补充多少热量,热量不足会降低人体机能,而摄入过量则会造成脂肪堆积导致肥胖,对健康不利。同样,夏季人体活动多,生理机能旺盛,消耗的蛋白质、维生素、矿物质也相应增多,这就需要了解自己缺乏哪些成分,进行针对性的饮食和营养添加剂补充。
碱:多进食碱性食物
人体正常状态下,机体的PH值应维持在7.3~7.4之间,即略呈碱性。机体PH值若较长时间低于7.3,就会形成酸性体质,使身体处于亚健康状态,其表现为机体不适、易疲倦、精神不振、体力不足、抵抗力下降等。这种状况如果得不到及时纠正,人的机体健康就会遭到严重损害,从而引发心脑血管疾病和癌症、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖等严重疾患。
需要提醒网友的是,夏天人体新陈代谢旺盛,体内产生的酸性废物较冬春季节为多,所以就特别需要注意一点:多进食碱性食物,以保证人体正常的弱碱性。这里的碱性食物不是指其本身酸碱度为碱性,而是在人体内分解代谢后呈碱性,例如水果含果酸,呈酸性,但进入人体分解后就呈碱性,这才是我们需要的碱性食物。
碱性饮品包括新鲜蔬菜鲜榨汁,大部分水果鲜榨汁。碱性食品包括各种蔬菜和大部分水果。它们除了增高体内碱性,还供给各种营养素,包括多种维生素、矿物质、酶、抗氧化剂、纤维素等,非常值得夏季多多进食。而可乐和各色汽水、酒类、牛奶和各色奶制食品、含糖分的甜品、点心、肥肉、红肉(如牛、羊、猪肉)等,大多属于酸性食品,不宜过多食用。
水:补水要及时正确
夏季气温高,人体汗液分泌旺盛,水分自然会流失比较大,因此必须及时补充水分。但是补充水分光及时还不够,尚需注意“正确”二字。专家指出,符合卫生标准的矿泉水是夏季补水的理想来源,除了补充组织细胞丧失的水分外,它还能够给人体补充一些随汗液排出而流失的无机盐矿物质,可谓一举两得。
对符合卫生标准的纯净水,特别渴的时候是不错的补水来源,但因为其中为人体所必需的矿物质被过滤掉了,没法给人体补充汗液中流失的无机盐,所以暂时止渴可以,长期依赖则不利于健康。此外,补水的量也要正确。通常说的“每天要喝8大杯”其实不科学,因为每个人失水量不同,需要补充的量自然各异。基本的标准是让自己不口渴、眼睑丰润有光泽。如果过量饮水,一来加重肾脏负担,二来饮水过多反而会造成水中毒,损伤健康。
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