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地下建筑内窒息症状与急救方法 | 2010-8-16 7:56:00

一些建筑设计不合理的地下室、防空洞、贮藏室等由于通风条件差,其空气成分与外界大气成分有很大差别。离地面越远、通风越差,加上其中的贮藏物发生腐烂或火灾时,其空气的变化也就越大。地下建筑中的气体成分、比例的改变,基本上表现为下列三个方面:①氧气含量显著降低;②二氧化碳含量增高;③其他有毒气体的产生。

人若进入氧含量下降、二氧化碳含量增高的地下建筑内就可能引起缺氧窒息,如果里面还含有其他有毒气体,则危害更大。

(一)中毒表现

中毒症状主要是缺氧窒息。一般表现为头晕、头痛、耳鸣、眼花、四肢软弱无力,相继有恶心、呕吐、心慌、气短、呼吸逐渐急促,变得快而浅。随着缺氧的加重,意识逐渐模糊,全身皮肤、嘴唇、指甲处呈现明显的青紫,血压下降,瞳孔散大,病人陷入昏迷状态,最后因呼吸困难,缺氧窒息而死亡。

(二)急救处理

首先使患者脱离中毒环境,转到地面上或通风良好的地方,然后再做其他有关处理。

在消防人员需要深入到地下建筑以前,最好先测试一下其中的空气成分,若在紧急情况下,没有现成的仪器,则可取一蜡烛点着,用绳索慢慢地吊人下面,从火着、火灭来判断情况,循情进入。

根据测定情况,决定是先进入或是先改善地下建筑的空气状况。这时可使用鼓风机等促进通风,切忌盲目入内,既救不了别人,又害了自己。

经过通风处理后,救护人员方可入内救人。但为了保障安全,预防意外发生,仍需用安全绳、导引绳等,若用防毒面具,则更为理想。

救出的人员,应立即移至空气新鲜通风良好的地方,松开衣领、内衣、乳罩和腰带等。对呼吸困难者立即给予氧气吸入,或做口对口人工呼吸,必要时注射呼吸中枢兴奋剂。对心跳微弱已不规则或刚停止者,同时施行胸外心脏按压,注射肾上腺素等。

救援者本人进入地下建筑内后,若感到头晕、眼花、心慌、呼吸困难等症状,立即返回,以免中毒。即使佩戴防毒面具,也应严格计算时间,切勿大意。

Re:地下建筑内窒息症状与急救方法 | 2010-8-16 7:59:50
章仁根地下建筑不透风,有害有毒气体容易积聚,进入要注意防范。
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原创 | 2016-9-6 17:56:58
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原创 | 2016-9-28 17:30:49
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原创 | 2016-9-30 12:07:11
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-14 18:23:55
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-15 12:47:58
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-15 22:07:04
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-16 7:47:52
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-21 13:56:13
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-23 0:44:00
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-23 14:17:06
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-23 14:52:23
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