http://www.esafety.cn/blog/u/11256/index.html

散文:雅趣元宵节(转帖)

作者[孙守仁] 发表于[2012-2-6 11:38:00]

《工人日报》(2012年02月06日 06版)□李 惠

明月皎皎千门秀,华灯盏盏万户春。新年的钟声还在耳畔回响,元宵节的脚步又悄然而至。人们在元宵节放炮竹、办灯展、猜灯谜,各式各样的欢庆活动争奇斗妍,令人目不暇接。这个中华民族的传统节日,在历史上曾留下许多风雅的故事。

张灯是元宵节时的传统习俗,因此不少元宵节的故事都跟灯有关。古人尤其喜欢在灯笼下挂对联,可谓元宵佳节,不见灯联,不得风雅。北宋时,贾似道镇守淮阴(今江苏扬州),有一年元宵节张灯,门客中有人摘抄唐代诗句作为门灯联:“天下三分明月夜,扬州十里小红楼。”据说,此联为我国最早的灯联。此后人们争相效仿,在大门或显眼的柱子上镶挂壁灯联、门灯联,为元宵佳节增添了节日情趣。

自古以来,元宵节就有“团圆美满”之寓意。当年,隋朝军队灭南陈时,南陈乐昌公主与丈夫徐德言打破一面铜镜,各执一半,作为以后相见的凭证,并约定在正月十五元宵节卖镜于市,以探对方消息。隋灭南陈后,隋文帝将乐昌公主赐给了战功显赫的杨素,杨素对乐昌很是宠爱,还为其专门营造了宅院。第二年元宵节,徐德言果真在街市上看到一个老头在叫卖半片铜镜,价钱昂贵,无人问津。徐德言在破镜上题诗:“镜与人俱去,镜归人不归。无复嫦娥影,空留明月辉。”杨素得知此事之后,深受感动,于是他成人之美,徐德言、乐昌夫妻二人终于得以团圆。这便是“破镜重圆”的典故,时至今日还在广为流传。

在元宵节里也不乏时来运转之人。有一年,明成祖朱棣在元宵节那天微服出游,遇一个穷秀才,谈得颇为投机。朱棣出上联试他才情,联云:“灯明月明,灯月长明,大明一统。”那秀才立即对出下联:“君乐民乐,君民同乐,永乐万年。”“永乐”是明成祖年号,朱棣大喜,遂赐他为状元。如果说这个秀才的运气是百年一遇,那么王安石在元宵节的经历更是千载难逢。公元1040年的元宵节,20岁的王安石赴京赶考,他一边赶路一边赏灯,见一大户人家高悬走马灯,灯下悬一上联,征对招亲。联曰:“走马灯,灯走马,灯熄马停步。”王安石见了,一时对答不出,便默记心中。到了京城,主考官出联测试王安石:“飞虎旗,旗飞虎,旗卷虎藏身。”王安石即以招亲联应对出,被取为进士。待归乡路过那户人家,闻知招亲联仍无人对出,便以主考官的出联回对,被招为快婿。一副巧合对联,竟成就了王安石“金榜题名”和“洞房花烛”两大喜事。

传说,窃国大盗袁世凯篡夺了辛亥革命成果后,一心想复辟登基当皇帝,又怕人民反对,终日提心吊胆。一天,他听到街上卖元宵的人拉长了嗓子在喊:“元——宵”,觉得“元宵”两字有袁世凯被消灭之嫌,联想到自己的命运,于是在1913年元宵节前,下令禁止称“元宵”,只能称“汤圆”或“粉果”。然而,“元宵”二字并没有因他的意志而取消,老百姓不买他的账,照样在民间流传。

岁月悠悠,时光如流,历朝历代都留下了很多跟元宵节有关的风雅故事。那些雅趣非凡的古人,或以趣,或以情,或以才,为这个传统佳节锦上添花,把我们带进一个迷人的元宵之夜。

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    作者[原创(游客)] 发表于[2016-9-6 18:12:40]
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    原创

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