2011-9-27 10:15:00

土方作业安全常识

一、预防土方坍塌事故的安全规定     1.施工人员必须按安全技术交底要求进行挖掘作业。     2.土方开挖前必须作好降（排）水。     3.挖土应从上而下逐层挖掘，严禁掏挖。     4.坑（槽）沟必须设置人员上下坡道或爬梯，严禁在坑壁上掏坑攀登上下。     5.开挖坑（槽）沟深度超1.5m时，必须根据土质和深度放坡或加可靠支撑。     6.土方深度超过2m时，周边必须设两道护身栏杆；危险处，夜间设红色警示灯。     7.配合机械挖土、清底、平地、修坡等作业时，不得在机械回转半径以内作业。     8.作业时要随时注意土壁变化，发现有裂纹或部分塌方，必须采取果断措施，将人员撤离，排除隐患，确保安全。     9.坑（槽）沟边1m以内不准堆土、堆料、不准停放机械。             二、预防人工挖孔桩伤亡事故的安全规定     1.严格施工队伍管理，施工人员必须经过安全培训，严格按施工方案进行。     2.施工现场必须备有氧气瓶，气体检测仪器。     3.施工人员下孔前，先用气泵向孔内送风，并检测确认无误，才允许下孔作业。     4.施工所用的电气设备，必须加装漏电保护器，孔下施工照明必须使用24V以下安全电压。     5.采用混凝土护壁时，必须挖一节，打一节，不准漏打。     6.孔下人员作业时，孔上必须设专人监护，监护人员不准擅离职守，保持上下通话联系。     7.发现情况异常，如地下水、黑土层和有害气体等，必须立即停止作业，撤离危险区，不准冒险作业。     8.每个桩孔口，必须备有孔口盖，完工或下班时必须将孔盖盖好（牢）。     9.人员不得乘吊桶上下，必须另配钢丝绳及滑轮，并设有断绳保护装置。

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