2011-9-27 10:16:00

汛期灾害性天气对危险化学品企业危害分析

目前已进入夏季主汛期，高温、雷雨、大风、潮湿等恶劣天气较多，极易引发各类危险化学品安全事故发生，综合各类事故案例，对汛期灾害性天气对危险化学品企业危害分析如下：     一、高温。     夏季气温高，对危险化学品企业危害主要有：     1、易燃易爆物质挥发速度快，挥发量大，易与空气混合形成爆炸性气体并达到爆炸极限。     2、气、液体因升温造成升压，储存设施、输送管道、阀门、法兰承压加大，增大泄露、爆裂可能性。     3、挥发性有毒物质易造成熏呛、中毒。     4、高温易造成操作人员忽视劳动防护，易与有毒有害物质直接接触。     二、雷击。     夏季雷击较多，能量巨大，破坏性极强，可能引发事故的因素主要有：     1、避雷设施易因锈蚀导致连接不良。     2、危险化学品储存、生产设施如各类储罐、反应釜、反应塔往往较为高大，易遭雷击。     3、金属管道、线路互相连通，遭雷击易引入车间、设备设施。     三、强降雨。     强降雨水量大，与一般淋雨不同，往往造成多种危害。     1、仓库、车间房顶易漏水、门窗易灌水直浸物料。     2、地面积水造成承重基础沉降，易导致建筑物倒塌、设施移位、管道拉断。     3、地埋罐区充填不严或充填物冲蚀情况下，易造成地埋罐漂浮。     4、形成较大径流时，易漂浮桶装物料。     5、电气设备极易漏电或断电。     6、运输车辆制动距离大幅减小。     四、大风。     强对流天气都有短时、高速、破坏性强的大风出现。极易造成高处物体坠落、管线损坏、火源散逸、物料吹散。     五、空气湿度大。     在较高湿度环境中，主要危害是：     1、设备易锈蚀，管线等承压能力减弱。     2、线路易漏电，造成触电或突然断电危及正常工艺。     3、遇湿可燃、自燃危险化学品遇水易引发火灾、爆炸事故，特别是电石等无水状态下稳定的固体，储存时易疏于防范。     因此，要高度重视夏季和汛期危险化学品安全生产工作的重要性和特殊性，有针对性地强化安全生产工作措施，努力避免危险化学品事故发生。

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