1.应选择合格产品
安全帽必须按国家标准GB2811进行生产,出厂的产品应通过质检部门检验符合标准要求才能发给产品合格证。在购买安全帽时,应看是否持有生产许可证书和有效期,是否有劳安标志(LA)。
2. 选择适宜的品种
(1) 根据安全帽的性能选择:每种安全帽都具有一定的技术性能指标和它的适用范围。例如,在低温作业环境选择安全帽,应选择耐低温的塑料安全帽(经低温-20℃±2℃的环境试验,冲击吸收性能和耐穿刺性能仍符合标准要求)和防寒安全帽;在高温作业环境应选择耐高温的塑料安全帽或玻璃钢安全帽(经高温50℃±2℃的处理,冲击吸收性能和耐穿刺性能仍符合标准要求);在电力行业接触电网、电器设备应选择具有电绝缘性能的安全帽;在易燃易爆的环境中作业应选择有抗静电性能(电阻不大于1×109Ω)的安全帽。
(2) 根据规格、尺寸进行选择。
(3) 款式的选择,大沿帽和大舌帽适用于露天作业,这种安全帽有防日晒和雨淋的作用。小沿帽适用于室内、隧道、涵洞、井巷、森林、脚手架上等活动范围小,易发生帽沿碰撞的狭窄场所。
(4) 关于安全帽的颜色,应遵循安全心理学的原则。国际较通用的黄色加黑条,是引起警戒的标志,红色是表示限制、禁止的标志;蓝色起显示作用等。因此,对于普通工种使用的安全帽,以采用白色、淡黄、淡绿色为宜。对矿工安全帽,煤矿习惯采用黑颜色,这可能是因煤尘是黑色玷污安全帽看不出来,而其他颜色则很易察觉。但矿工安全帽采用黑色,显然不符合安全人机学原则,因为矿井下照明较差,黑色矿工帽在明暗对比不明显时,容易由于视觉模糊而发生安全事故。所以应采用明亮的颜色,便于发现引起警觉。现在矿工帽的颜色除了黑色外,还有其他颜色,并且在安全帽上粘反光材料或发光材料以便能在暗灯光下引起人们的注意。有的部门采用不同颜色的安全帽,用以区分职别,如安全管理人员戴有绿色十字标记的白底安全帽,检修人员戴桔红色安全帽。在森林采伐作业场地,红色或桔红色的安全帽醒目,易于被发现。放射性作业环境通常用紫色、咖啡色安全帽。易燃易爆作业场所,多用大红安全帽。
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