许多资料显示,由于人的不安全行为导致的事故占事故总数的70%~80%。美国安全工程师海因里奇经过大量研究,认为存在着“88:10:
一、新员工安全教育的目的
1、 提高新员工安全意识
良好的安全意识是进行安全生产的首要前提,安全意识不强,违规操作、建章作业现象就会发生,违章指挥现象就有机可乘。 只有加强安全意识的宣传教育,牢固树立“安全第一、预防为主”的思想,才能把安全工作落到实处。
2、 提高新员工的安全知识水平
只有通过对新员工进行安全生产教育,使他们掌握安全技术知识,提高实际安全操作技能,增强事故预防和应急处理的能力,并不断更新知识,提高技能,才能做好安全生产工作,确保安全生产。
3、 提高新员工参加安全管理的积极性
新员工刚成为企业的一员,只有让他们确实感到搞好安全生产是他们切身利益之所在,是与自己本身和家庭幸福,与他人生命和家庭幸福息息相关的大事,他们才会积极行动起来,自觉地参与安全管理,所以要对新员工进行广泛的宣传教育,使安全生产的思想深入人心,唤起新员工强烈的事业心和责任感,从而把安全管理工作树立在坚实的群众基础之中,确保安全生产,杜绝事故的发生。
二、新员工安全教育的内容
1、“三级”安全教育
新员工入厂首先进行“三级”教育,包括入厂教育、车间教育和班组教育。要求“三级”安全教育时间不得少于40学时,并经考试合格方可上岗。入厂教育是对新员工在分配到车间或工作岗位之前,由安全部门进行对本企业安全生产形势,安全文件,规章制度,企业内特殊危险地点,一般的安全技术知识和伤亡事故发生的主要原因,事故教训的教育,从正反两个方面来讲解安全生产的重要性,使新员工受到安全生产的初步教育。车间教育是新员工从厂部分配到车间后,由车间进行的安全教育,主要是遵守车间的劳动纪律和应该重视的安全问题,车间内危险地区,有毒有害作业的情况和安全事项,本车间安全生产情况,以及安全生产的好坏典型事例。岗位教育是新员工到固定工作岗位后,开始工作之前的安全教育。内容包括:本班组的生产性质、任务,将要从事的生产岗位的安全操作规程和岗位安全职责,新员工从事岗位操作必要的安全知识和安全技能,各种机具设备及安全防护设备的性能、作用,个人防护用品使用的管理,预防事故的措施及发生事故后应采取的紧急措施、预案,事故案例教训等。
2、 安全责任教育
“安全生产、人人有责”,这是搞好安全生产工作的一项重要原则。为了做好安全工作,预防工伤事故的发生,对新员工要进行各种规章制度、工艺规程、安全操作规程和岗位安全职责等教育。结合相关的事例使新员工认识到这些规程、制度和纪律,都是保证安全生产所不可缺少的。为此,《安全生产法》规定了各级安全生产者的职责,要教育新员工自觉遵守安全规章制度,不违章作业,并且要随时制止他人违章作业;要积极参加安全生产的各种活动,主动提出改进的意见;爱护和正确使用机器设备、工具及个人防护用品。遵章守纪,维持工厂生产的安全秩序是每个职工应尽的义务,只要每位职工都从思想上高度重视安全生产,遵章守纪,事故是可以避免的。
3 、安全意识教育
安全是无价宝,这是从无数次血的教训中得出的人生真谛。“安全生产就是效益、就是稳定、就是健康、就是幸福、就是形象、就是发展”。
从安全生产管理的角度来说,安全是一个涉及到社会、家庭、个人安危的极为严肃的问题,搞好安全生产从大处讲,是确保企业的生产长周期稳定运行,创造良好经济效益的前提;从小处讲,就是保障每个家庭、每个成员的健康幸福生活。安全贯穿于每个人的日常工作和生活之中,无论是在工作岗位上还是在下班后,一旦发生事故,受到伤害最大的是我们自己,因此要时刻保持安全警觉。教育新职工要从思想意识上转变观念,由“要我安全”转向“我要安全”、“我会安全”。
4、安全法律、法规教育
组织新员工学习《中华人民共和国劳动法》《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》《中华人民共和国消防法》《中华人民共和国安全生产法》等。通过安全生产法律、法规的学习,使他们知道自己在安全生产过程中法律所赋予的权利和义务以及因违章而发生事故所必须承担的法律责任,懂得任何“违章指挥”、“违章作业”、“违反劳动纪律”、“强令冒险作业”等行为都是违法行为,从而提高他们在作业过程中的法律意识,充分认识到“安全”生产的重要性和必要性。
做好新员工的各种安全教育培训,提高他们安全意识、增强他们的安全责任,是避免和减少各类事故的前提和基础。同时也是保证企业安全生产,降低事故频率,实现安全生产目标的重要措施。任何生产经营单位,在任何时候,对新员工的安全教育都必须抓紧、抓好,这不仅是企业“安全”的需要,“效益”的需要,更是企业“生存发展”的需要。
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