脚手架搭设的使用
脚手架搭设前应先在基础上弹出立杆位置线,并按设计尺寸正确安放垫板、底座。竹、木脚手架立杆宜埋地,严禁在未夯实的回填土上搭设落地式脚手架。
立杆应垂直稳放在金属底座或垫木上,立杆、纵向水平杆接头应错开。扣件式钢管脚手架的连接必须用扣件并应拧紧螺栓,禁止用其他材料绑扎。
搭设脚手架的材料应一致,严禁钢质材料和木或竹质材料以及不同规格材料混搭。脚手架必须配合施工进度搭设,一次搭设高度不应超过相邻连墙件以上两步。
开始搭设立杆时,应每隔6跨设置一根抛撑,直至连墙件安装稳固后,方可根据情况拆除。当搭设至有连墙件的构造点时,在搭设完该处的立杆,纵、横向水平杆后,应立即设置连墙件。
高度在24m以下的单、双排脚手架,均必须在外侧立面的两端各设置一道剪刀撑,剪刀撑的宽度不小于4跨且不大于6跨,且不应小于6m,斜杆与地面的倾角宜在45℃~60℃之间,并应由底至顶连续设置;高度在24m以上的双排脚手架应在外侧立向整个长度和高度上连续设置剪刀撑。
上料斜道的铺设宽度不得小于1.5m,坡度宜采用1∶6,;人行斜道宽度不宜小于1m,坡度宜采用l∶3;拐弯处应设置平台,其宽度不应小于斜道的宽度。斜道竹或木质脚手板上应每隔250~300mm设置一根防滑木条,防滑木条厚度宜为20~30mm。
作业层脚手板应铺满、铺稳,离开墙面120~150mm,不得有空隙和探头板;当使用冲压钢脚手板、木脚手板、竹串片脚手板时,应设置在三根横向水平杆上。当脚手板长度小于2m时,可采用两根横向水平杆支承,但应将脚手板两端与其可靠固定,严防倾翻。当使用竹笆脚手板时,纵向水平杆应等间距设置,间距不应大于400mm。
冲压钢脚手板、木脚手板及竹串片脚手板搭接时,搭接长度不得小于200mm;对头接时应架设双排横向水平杆支承,两根横向水平杆间距不大于200mm。在架子拐弯处脚手板应交叉搭接。垫平脚手板应用木块,并且要固定牢固,不得用砖垫。竹笆板应按其主竹筋垂直于纵向水平杆方向铺设,且采用对接平铺,四个角应用14号镀锌钢丝固定在纵向水平杆上。
脚手架的外侧立杆、斜道和平台临边立杆的内侧,应设两道防护栏杆,上栏杆上皮高为1200mm。下栏杆居中设置,并高180mm高的挡脚板,并张挂密目网。密目网上、下边缘开眼环扣应采用14号钢丝与脚手架纵向水平杆绑扎牢固,下边不得留有空隙,上边与纵向水平杆如有间隙不得大于100mm,网体边缘所有开眼环扣都应绑扎牢固,不得形成空隙。
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