预防和阻止土坡滑动的方法
在土方开挖或高填方的工程施工中,经常遇到边坡滑动的现象,给正常的工程带来很多困难,如果不及时采取有效的处理措施,将会造成施工难度增大,影响工程质量和工期不能正常完成的后果。因此,必须及时解决好预防土坡滑动和阻止土坡继续滑动的问题。
土坡的滑动是由于促使土坡运动的滑动力与滑动面上的抗滑力相互之间发生变化的结果。土体的容重、土坡的地质条件以及气候温度因素的变化都将直接影响土坡的稳定状态。所以,在工程施工中,我们应根据影响土坡稳定的原因采取相应的措施,预防和阻止土坡的滑动,保证正常施工。笔者根据多年的施工实践,总结出以下几种比较成功的方法,可供业内同行参考。
1.延缓坡度,增加坡长
斜坡度越平缓,则土坡越稳定:斜坡度越陡,则土坡越易滑动。通过延缓坡度可以减小土坡的下滑力,使土坡达到稳定状态。这是我们在施工中常采用的方法。但这种方法增加了工作量,适用于机械化施工作业,要求施工场地宽阔,多余的土方要随时运走或有地方堆积。
2.在坡脚处砌挡土墙或打混凝土预制桩,增大抗滑力
由于土坡的滑动都有一个滑动面,土坡滑动时沿滑动面向外推动坡脚处的土,当滑动面到地表面的距离较小时,可以砌挡土墙,使挡土墙的基础超过滑动面。如果滑动面距地表面的距离较大,用人工砌挡土墙很难达到目的,采用打混凝土预制桩的办法较好。
3.在土坡上用锚杆锚固将要滑动的土体
当土坡的土质稳定性较好,无地下水或渗透水量很少时,可将锚杆锚固在土层中,增加土体的整体性和土体的抗滑力,使土坡达到稳定状态。这种方法在滑动面很浅时,效果明显。
4.在坡顶裂缝处换填渗透性较小的粘性土
当土坡滑动开始后,坡顶处通常有裂缝,当有地表水或下雨时,水从裂缝处渗入,润滑了滑动面,减小了抗滑力,使土坡滑动加快。根据这种情况,应及时将裂缝处的原状土挖除,换填渗透性较小的粘性土并碾压夯实,阻止水的渗入;同时,在坡顶处挖排水沟,防止地面水冲刷土坡,使水从其他地方排下。
- 上一篇:预防爆破事故的技术安全措施
- 下一篇:钢管脚手架搭、拆施工方案
![jnrvz(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://dj.iciba.com/%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E4%BA%94%E6%98%9F%E8%B5%B0%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%B0%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E4%BA%94%E6%98%9F%E8%B5%B0%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
http://dj.iciba.com/%E6%96%B0%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E8%B5%B0%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%E7%BD%91%E6%98%93%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
http://dj.iciba.com/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
http://dj.iciba.com/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E6%B3%A8%E6%95%B0%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
http://dj.iciba.com/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E6%8A%95%E6%B3%A8%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
http://dj.iciba.com/%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%E5%80%8D%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
http://dj.iciba.com/%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E5%89%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
http://dj.iciba.com/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E7%BB%84%E8%BF%9C%E4%B8%89%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
http://dj.iciba.com/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E6%9D%80%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%B9%E7%89%88%20%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%94%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%96%EF%BC%B1-1.html
![vtimq(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://www.anqiu123.com/store-1787/document-id-410200.html
http://www.anqiu123.com/store-1787/document-id-410201.html
http://www.anqiu123.com/store-1787/document-id-410203.html
http://www.anqiu123.com/store-1787/document-id-410204.html
http://www.pinterest.com/ltx8m6yc06sa/
http://www.anqiu123.com/store-1787/document-id-410206.html
http://www.anqiu123.com/store-1787/document-id-410208.html
http://www.anqiu123.com/store-1787/document-id-410209.html
http://www.anqiu123.com/store-1787/document-id-410211.html
![wnqtw(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14395921?yu=478995
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14395990?pi=388235
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14396036?hong=386285
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14396001?ma=588135
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14396070?zan=872414
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14396055?die=973956
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14396138?xi=547294
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14396171?zi=157125
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14396147?yun=602676
![poefj(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403391?jie=82489
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403401?li=99276
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403436?jing=87241
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403438?ying=83368
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403482?cha=39517
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403492?dao=62356
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403493?gang=12480
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403518?guo=76335
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=14403522?e=36165
![mcfkn(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900378?wang=28122
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900389?che=51739
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900375?pi=53951
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900424?xie=17395
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900438?zhuan=15591
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900467?hua=24591
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900751?quan=50045
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900763?pi=62840
http://bbs.hsw.cn/apps.php?q=group&a=read&cyid=314&tid=13900752?teng=84062
![rqghl(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://www.iciba.com/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%BD%A9%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E8%A2%AB%E6%9F%A5-%E3%80%90Q952499%E3%80%91
http://www.iciba.com/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%BD%A9%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%B0-%E3%80%90Q952499%E3%80%91
http://www.iciba.com/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%BD%A9%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%B0-%E3%80%90Q952499%E3%80%91
http://www.iciba.com/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%BD%A9%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E5%BE%85%E9%81%87-%E3%80%90Q952499%E3%80%91
http://www.jxedt.com/wen/kaoshi/3170595934012440666.html
http://www.esafety.cn/blog/u/3012/archives/2011/111365.html
http://www.iciba.com/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%BD%A9%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%BE%85%E9%81%87-%E3%80%90Q952499%E3%80%91
http://www.iciba.com/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%BD%A9%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8-%E3%80%90Q952499%E3%80%91
http://www.iciba.com/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%BD%A9%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8-%E3%80%90Q952499%E3%80%91
![bqvxa(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E5%81%9A%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%81%9A%E7%9A%84Q952499Qvmsua/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A93%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7Q952499Qmqu/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A95%E6%98%9F%E6%96%AD%E7%BB%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95Q952499Qfpd/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A95%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6Q952499Qndi/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E4%BB%BB%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%B7Q952499Qwujn/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A93%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89Q952499Qcrvz/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E5%87%B9%E5%BD%A2%E5%8F%B7Q952499Qndfi/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A93%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89Q952499Qtwcfh/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%97%B6%E6%97%B6%E5%BD%A9%E4%B8%A4%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%89Q952499Qutj/
![grgkn(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%96%E9%87%91%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89txb/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E8%B4%AD%E5%BD%A9%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%80%8D%E7%8E%87%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89ecrv/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%96%E9%87%91%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%E5%95%8A%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89xulpt/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%A8%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E6%8C%A3%E9%92%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%90%97%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89zbfjn/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E8%B4%AD%E5%BD%A9%E8%83%BD%E6%8F%90%E7%8E%B0%E5%90%97%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89wbd/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E4%B8%9C%E6%A3%AE%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%88%B5%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89getx/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E4%B8%96%E7%88%B5%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%98%E7%BD%91%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89xad/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E4%B8%96%E7%88%B5%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%BC%80%E6%88%B7%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89dbtv/
http://www.metacafe.com/videos_about/%E4%B8%96%E7%88%B5%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E6%A0%B7%2B952499%28Q%29%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E8%AA%89cfh/
![gkprv(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%CA%D6%BB%FA%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%CF%C2%D4%D8%B0%B2%D7%B0%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFquycg_1
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%D4%F5%C3%B4%CF%C2%D4%D8%B0%B2%D7%B0%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFoswae_1
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%B7%EF%BB%CB%CD%E6%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%CF%C2%D4%D8%B0%B2%D7%B0%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFmquyc_1
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%C8%E7%BA%CE%B4%FA%C0%ED%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFkoswa_1
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%CD%E6%CB%BD%B2%CA%CE%A5%B7%A8%C2%F0%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFhlp_1
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%CB%AB%C9%AB%C7%F2%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFxbfj_1
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%CA%D6%BB%FA%B5%C7%C2%BC%CD%F8%D6%B7%CA%C7%CA%B2%C3%B4%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFrvr_1
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%D7%EE%D0%C2%B5%C7%C2%BC%CD%F8%D6%B7%CA%C7%CA%B2%C3%B4%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFzdh_1
http://www.dangdang.com/author/%B7%EF%BB%CB%C6%BD%CC%A8%B9%D9%CD%F8%CA%D6%BB%FA%BF%CD%BB%A7%B6%CB%A1%BE%CE%C8%D7%AC952499%5BQ%5D%A1%BFptxb_1
![原创(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
![原创(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
![原创(游客)](/blog/images/ico_default.gif)
![qsf999](/blog/UploadFiles/UploadFace/73171_9947662936.jpg)
(一)一般要求。建筑施工的土石方工程很多,施工时要挖掘许多坑、沟、槽,容易发生意外事故。为了防止意外,要求土石方工程施工前应做好地质、水文和地下设备(如天然气管道、煤气管道、电缆等)的调查和勘察工作。挖基坑、井坑时,应视土壤的性质、湿度和深度设计安全边坡或固壁支撑。对特殊的沟坑,必须专门设计进行开挖。在建筑物旁开挖基槽或深坑,一般不许超过原建筑物的基础深。如必须超过,则应分段进行,每段不得长2米。挖出的泥土和坑边堆放的料具,必须堆积在坑边0.8米以外,高度不得超过1.5米。另外,挖掘中发现不能辨认的物品,应立即报告上级进行处理。
(二)手工挖掘安全要求。手工挖掘土石方应自上而下进行,不可掏空底脚,以免塌方。在同一坡面作业时,不得上下同时开挖,也不得上挖下运。为了避免塌方和保证安全,开挖深度和坡度要符合有关规定。
(三)机械挖掘安全要求。使用机械挖掘土石方前,应发出信号。在挖掘机推杆旋转范围内,不许进行其它作业。推土机推土时,禁止驶至坑、槽和山坡边缘,以防止下滑翻车。推土机推土的最大上坡坡度不得超过25℃,最大下坡坡度不得超过35℃。
![易安
博客](/blog/skin/missmoon/images/logo_powered.gif)
易安博客 版权所有