遇水膨胀橡胶及其制备方法
一种吸水膨胀树脂制得的遇水膨胀橡胶及其制备方法
一、 技术领域
本发明属于一种防水材料,具体的说是一种吸水膨胀树脂及其合成方法,以及由该吸 水膨胀树脂制备的遇水膨胀橡胶及其制备方法。
二、 背景技术
遇水膨胀止水橡胶是一种新型防水材料,它具有独特止水机理:一方面具有橡胶防水制品的弹性和延伸性,起弹性密封作用;另一方面具有遇水膨胀、以水止水的作用,是一种具有双重止水作用的功能高分子材料。就国际范围而言,遇水膨胀防水材料的发展大体依靠膨胀剂即吸水膨胀的开发。
水膨胀橡胶防水材料最早出现是在二十世纪七十年代中,日本、欧美等国家为解决地下工程渗漏问题,首先提出采用水膨胀材料“以水止水”的设想,并迅速被土木工程界接受和应用。在水膨胀材料开发方面以日本、德国较为先进。遇水膨胀橡胶按合成方式不同可分为以下两类:
混炼型遇水膨胀橡胶,即用膨胀剂与橡胶混炼、硫化,制得的膨胀橡胶,按膨胀剂不同的两类体系:1、以水溶性聚氨酯为膨胀剂,制得的膨胀橡胶强度高,遇水浸泡无析出物,材料寿命长,但它的缺点是膨胀倍率不高,在100%~~300%之间,在盐水、碱水中的膨胀倍率更低;2采用市售的粉末状的的高吸水树脂为膨胀剂。所得材料膨胀倍率高,一般可在400%~600%,甚至更高。
例方:
一种由吸水膨胀树脂制得的遇水膨胀树橡胶,其特征是:它有吸水膨胀树脂、氯丁胶、填充剂、软化剂、促进剂和防老剂组成,其重量份数是,吸水膨胀树脂为50~100份、氯丁胶为100份、填充剂为20~35份、软化剂为10~20份、促进剂0.5~1.0份、防老剂为0.5~1.0份;所述吸水膨胀树脂有聚合单体、催化剂、引发剂和交联剂聚合而成。
最佳配方为:通过上述方法制备的遇水膨胀橡胶:由100份氯丁胶、23.9份陶土、6.1份碳黑、4份氯化镁、2.5份氧化锌、0.8份DM、1份DFC-34、4份硬脂酸和12.5份二锌酯组成,其主要性能如下:
序号 项目 性能数据
1 硬度(邵A),度 54
2 拉伸强度,Mpa 5
3 扯断伸长率,% 770
4 扯断永久变形,% 12
5 老化系数70℃×96h 0.87
6 膨胀倍率% 蒸馏水 708.0
NaOH溶液(PH=12) 485.4
HCl溶液(PH=5) 452.9
1%NaCl溶液 380.6
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