过氧乙酸
别名:过乙酸、过酸酸
英文名:Peractic acid;peroxyacetic acid
分子式:C2H4O3
结构式:CH3COOOH
物化性质:无色透明液体,有强烈的刺激性醋酸气味。具有弱酸性,易挥发,易溶于水和有机溶剂,如乙醇(酒精)、乙醚、乙酸(醋酸)。熔点0.1℃,沸点105℃,饱和蒸汽压2.67(25℃)kPa,相对密度1.15(20℃),闪点41℃(35%过氧乙酸溶液)。
危险性:遇明火、受热、摩擦、振动、撞击时,易发生火灾、爆炸;与有机物、还原剂、易燃物等接触或混合时,有引起燃烧、爆炸的危险;温度稍高时,易分解产生氧气;加热到110℃时,会发生猛烈爆炸。
有毒,经口LD50:1540mg/kg(大鼠),经皮LD50:1410mg/kg(兔),吸入LC50:450mg/kg(大鼠)。对眼睛、皮肤、粘膜和上呼吸道有强烈刺激作用。吸入后,可引起喉、支气管的炎症、水肿、痉挛、化学性肺炎、肺水肿;接触后,可引起烧灼感、咳嗽、喘息、喉炎、气短、头痛、恶心和呕吐。
主要用途:用作纺织品、纸张、油脂、石蜡和淀粉的漂白剂,医药中的杀菌剂和有机合成中的氧化剂、环氧化剂,食品和饮用水等的消毒剂。
用法和用量:工业产品过氧乙酸一般为18~23%含水、醋酸的溶液。作为消毒剂使用前,需要稀释。其一般用法用量如下:
⒈一般物品如餐具、毛巾、水果、蔬菜,家具、房间、浴盆、运输车,可将过氧乙酸加水稀释至0.5%溶液,洗刷或浸泡5分钟。
⒉手、皮肤,可将过氧乙酸加水稀释至0.2~0.4%溶液,洗刷2分钟。
⒊空气,可将过氧乙酸加水稀释至2%溶液,采用喷雾的方式,对无人环境的空气消毒,1小时后通风。
⒋被单、衣物、玩具,可将过氧乙酸加水稀释至0.02%溶液,浸泡2小时。
在使用时,用法用量请参照卫生部的指南。
注意安全事项:
⒈本品易分解,消毒用溶液需现配现用。
⒉配制消毒液时,戴上橡胶或塑料手套,操作要轻拿轻放,防止溅入眼睛、皮肤、衣物上。
⒊请勿用于金属器具消毒。
⒋遮光、低温、阴凉处保存。
应急处置:
⒈皮肤接触,脱去污染衣物,用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。
⒉眼睛接触,立即翻开上下眼脸,用流动清水冲洗15分钟,就医。
⒊吸入,迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。呼吸困难时,给氧。呼吸停止时,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
⒋食入,误服者给饮牛奶或蛋清。立即就医。
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