1、冲床断指事故案例分析
××汽车零部件加工企业,有一冲压车间,安装了几种不同型号的冲压机械。由于工作任务非常饱满,为增加工作效率,车间主任指挥操作人员将该车间的冲压机械由双手按钮式操作改为脚踏开关操作。结果,短短的一年时间内,该公司就发生了冲床断指事故13起。
一、单项选择题
1.该公司发生冲床断指事故的主要原因是( )。
A.冲压操作简单、动作单一
B.冲压操作频率高
C.冲压机械噪声、振动大
D.冲压设备存在缺陷
2.双手操作式安全装置的描述不正确的是( )。
A.双手必须同时操作,离合器才能结合
B.重新启动的原则
C.按钮或手柄应有防止意外触动的措施
D.两个操纵器最小内边距离大于300mm
二、多项选择题
3.冲压机械操作过程中对操作者的主要危害有( )。
A.噪声危害
B.机械伤害
C.爆炸
D.振动危害
E、触电
4.以下冲压操作正确的是( )。
A.工作前仔细检查并进行试车
B.设备运转时,严禁手或手指伸人冲模内放置或取出工件
C.在冲模内取放工件必须使用手用工具
D.冲模安装调整、设备检修,以及需要停机排除各种故障时,设备启动开关旁可以不挂警告牌
E.工作结束时关闭电源,并清理设备工作台面。
三、简答题
5.冲压机械双手操作式安全装置的工作原理?按照操纵器的形式不同,可分为哪两类?
6.请简述实现冲压安全的措施建议。
参考答案:
1.D 2.C 3.ABDE 4.ABCE
5.双手操作式安全装置的工作原理是将滑块的下行程运动与双手的限制联系起来,强制操作者必须双手同时推按操纵器,滑块才向下运动。此间如果操作者的一只手离开或双手离开操纵器,在手伸入危险区之前,滑块停止下行程或超过下死点,使双手没有机会进入危险区,从而避免受到伤害。
按操纵器的形式不同,分为双手按钮式和双手手柄式。
6.(1)提高送、取料的机械化、自动化水平,代替人工送、取料;
(2)设计安全化模具,缩小模口危险区,设置滑块小行程,使人手无法伸进模口区;
(3)采用手用工具送取料,避免人的手臂伸人模口区;
(4)在操作区采用安全装置,保障滑块下行程期间,人手处于危险模口区之外;
(5)加强对机械设备的检查、维护、保养工作,发现机械设备有问题,及时进行维修。
(6)加强操作人员的安全培训,提高其安全意识。
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