高速、高效气割操作规程
(1)超声速割嘴快速气割
这种切割方法选用割嘴的切割氧孔道具有超声速均直流的气动特性曲面,切割面光洁。由于超声速氧流在单位时间内能提供较多的氧气,可促进被切割金属的氧化反应,便于气割过程的顺利进行。
超声速割嘴因其切割氧出口孔道是扩散形,使氧射流的喷出速度大于声速,且长而挺直、动量大,故具有良好的切割性能。不仅切割速度快(比一般直筒形割嘴快20%~25%),而且所能切割的厚度大,切割面质量好。一般超声速割嘴有切割氧压力490kPa和690kPa的两种。
普通割嘴切割氧孔道是圆柱形的,切割氧压力随孔径的增加而增加,氧气流出口速度较慢,涡流大。而超声速快速割嘴的切割氧压力基本不随切割厚度的变化而变化。
超声速割嘴切割操作方法与普通割嘴相同,但需注意以下几点:
①不论切割薄板还是厚板,切割氧压力的设定需按照割嘴的设计压力,但可适当高些(主要看风线情况),以弥补软管的压力损失;
②氧气皮管宜使用内径
③预热火焰功率要适当加大些,但切割厚板不宜增大。
(2)氧帘割嘴快速气割
氧帘割嘴快速气割在通常的预热火焰和切割氧流之间附加一层小流量、低流速的保护氧流,在切割氧流外围形成一道保护屏幕,使之不受周围杂质气体的污染,相对地提高了切割氧的纯度,并对预热火焰起稳定作用。
因此这种割嘴的切割速度比普通割嘴高40%~50%,切割面粗糙度可达Ra12.5μm,且上缘棱角清晰,下缘无粘渣,特别适合于厚度
气割用燃气最早使用是乙炔。随着工业的发展,人们在探索其他的气体替代乙炔。目前为了提高切割质量,手工切割时可采用在手工割炬装上电动匀走器的方法,利用电动机带动该轮使割炬沿切割线均速行走。也可使用直线导板,这样既减轻劳动强度,又能提高切割面质量。
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