http://www.esafety.cn/blog/wll/66030/index.html

兔年多起大火祸起鞭炮损失重 是否禁放再惹争议

作者[孙锡云] 发表于[2011-2-9 12:40:00]

兔年多起大火祸起鞭炮损失重是否禁放再惹争议

每年春节过后,鞭炮都是个热门话题,今年更不例外。

之所以加个字,是因为和往年相比,今年燃放鞭炮造成的损失格外大:兔年刚过20分钟,沈阳皇朝万鑫国际大厦即因燃放烟花而起火,最终这座152米高的大厦被烧通了天,损失30亿元;来自公安部消防局的数字,22日零点到23日上午8点,全国共发生火灾5945起;新华社报道,除夕零时至大年初一14时,北京市因燃放烟花爆竹致伤223人,死亡2人;27日《钱江晚报》报道,浙江淳安发生山林火灾,6人遇难,惹祸的还是鞭炮……

面对同样的事实,不同的人得出不同的结论。有人认为坚持禁燃烟花爆竹是有道理的”(26日南方网),有人则认为,对于燃放烟花爆竹,时间、历史本身就已经赋予了这一习俗以存在的足够正当性。一种惯例,一种习俗,如果它已经存在了数百年,被人们普遍地遵守,且没有造成显著的伤害,那么,它的存在权利就是无可置疑的。也完全可以推定,它对共同体的存在来说,是必不可少的。若干人或者机构,不论基于任何理由,都不能取消它。任何取消它的企图,要么基于理性的僭越,要么基于权力的僭越,都不具有道德和知识上的正当性”(26日《新京报》)

观点截然对立决定了,在鞭炮燃放问题上,无论是禁还是放,都会遭遇一些人不合作。这要求有关部门决策前要充分征询各方意见,对燃放鞭炮利弊得失作出客观评估。笔者拟以《新京报》观点为靶子,对其中两个关键问题进行探讨。

第一个问题:燃放鞭炮的利弊得失。

《新京报》文章认为,一种惯例,一种习俗,如果它已经存在了数百年,被人们普遍地遵守,且没有造成显著的伤害,那么,它的存在权利就是无可置疑的

显著的伤害是一个主观判断。北京市一年炸死两个人,炸瞎几双眼,在一些人看来或许算不上显著的伤害,但如果我们放眼全国,把这些年被炸死的人、被炸瞎的眼睛数量统计一下,恐怕没人还敢说伤害不显著。而从之前央视大火到今年沈阳大火,我们已经看到鞭炮燃放造成了怎样的经济损失——在这样的损失面前,如果有人一定坚持认为伤害不显著,我也无话可说,问题的关键在于:即使这样的伤害不显著,它应该是我们承受的吗?换句话说,我们承受这样的代价,意义何在?

有人会说,燃放鞭炮保持了风俗,让过年更有气氛。好了,在鞭炮问题上,有关部门要考量的第一个问题就是:为了让过年有气氛付出诸多代价(人身损害、经济损失、环境污染等等),值不值?

还说一句:如果一个事物可以因为存在几百年即被赋予足够正当性,那么,当初废除八股文就是不正当的,男人长辫子、女人裹脚似乎也可保留。如此,社会进步的道路将被堵塞。这样的观点,不值一驳。

第二个问题:在鞭炮问题上,该如何对待民意?

百姓有燃放的要求,这是一些地方一直未禁放,一些地方禁了多年又放开的最重要理由。《新京报》文章认为,也完全可以推定,它对共同体的存在来说,是必不可少的

遗憾的是,它的推定,并没有任何根据。广州等地多年一直禁放,但共同体并未有分崩离析之势。倒是在那些未禁放的地方,因为对鞭炮的态度不同而引发的矛盾和纠纷,已影响到两个阵营的和谐——对一些人来说,鞭炮意味着过年气氛;而对另外一些人(主要是老人、孩子),鞭炮却是一种折磨。

也就是说,如果我们认可燃放鞭炮是一种权利,那么,一些人实现这一权利,是以损害另一部分人为前提的。虽然尚不能由此得出鞭炮必须一律禁放的结论,但这至少提醒我们,在鞭炮燃放问题上,有关部门应该审慎吸纳民意,因为这不是一个少数服从多数的问题,而是这样一个问题:如果一部分人必须承受另一部分人的损害,那么,这种损害在多大程度上是正当的。

  • 圈子:注安之家 
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    原创

    作者[原创(游客)] 发表于[2016-9-30 13:19:57]
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    原创

    作者[原创(游客)] 发表于[2016-9-28 18:42:40]
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    作者[原创(游客)] 发表于[2016-9-6 19:05:44]
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