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伤害预知预警活动简称KYT(Kiken Yochi Trainning),是针对生产的特点和作业工艺的全过程,以其危险性为对象,以作业班组为基本组织形式而开展的一项安全教育和训练活动,它是一种群众性的“自我管理”活动,目的是控制作业过程中的危险,预测和预防可能发生的事故。
起源
KYT起源于日本住友金属工业公司的工厂,后经三菱重工业公司和长崎赞造船厂发起的“全员参加的安全运动”,经中央劳动灾害防止协会的推广,形成了技术方法。它获得了广泛的运用,遍及各个企业,我国宝钢首先引进了此项技术。
通用的作业类型和岗位
相对固定的生产岗位作业;正常的维护检修作业;班组间的组合(交叉)作业;抢修抢险作业。
活动步骤
经过长期实践,结合班组作业特点,作业过程中开展KYT活动应遵循9个步骤:
1.由班组长针对当班生产任务划分作业小组,指派工作能力强的人担任作业小组长;
2.作业小组长组织作业人员,持KYT卡片到作业现场开展KYT活动;
3.作业小组长向作业人员介绍工作任务及程序,采用有效的方法调动作业小组参与人员针对工作内容及程序,查找或预测可能存在的危险因素;
4.作业小组参与人员应结合各自工作内容,有针对性地控掘危险因素,并提出相应的防范措施;
5.作业小组负责人(小组长)将收集到的危险因素及其对应措施的信息,整理记录在KYT活动卡片上,再次对所有作业小组参与人员进行一次复述,待所有人员认同后,进行签字确认;
6.最后,作业小组负责人确认后开始作业。作业完毕后,应在当天将卡片交班组长检查认可。有条件的话,班组长应到现场进行检查验收;
7.作业参与人员在指出危险因素时,要充分利用身体语言对危险因素加以描述,以强化对危险形态的直观认识;
8.作业过程中要持续运用“手指触动提示”和“触动报警”,保持现场作业人员对危险的警觉;
9.对小组参与人员针对危险因素提出的相关防范措施,现场能立即整改的应在整改完毕后开始作业。
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