你是否曾经眼光对着某些事物但却并没有真正的看着该事物?如果是的话,你跟许多人有相同的情况。一般人通常只会看到他所想要找的东西,这种情形会影响安全观察。
试想一下:
有一位安全顾问被聘请去评估一个工厂安全管理制度,某一天早上这位安全顾问和厂长一起进行工厂安全巡察,在巡视过程中,厂长很高兴的说,他没有看到任何不安全的事物。
这位顾问说:“那么在那边工作而未戴安全眼镜的作业员怎么说?”“或是那位正在搬东西的人员?”“或是那位在高架上作业而无防坠保护的人员?”“或是那位……”
厂长不得不承认他没有注意到那些人员。他想了一会儿说:“我想这大概是因为我多年来只注意生产,那就是我所看到的。如果员工正在工作,我只是瞄一眼,但是如果员工没有在工作,我就会集中注意力去想为什么这位员工没有在工作。”
这位厂长的习惯是一种普遍现象,很多人即使是在做安全巡察还是不会看到安全或冒险行动。为什么呢?因为大部分的人都已养成了习惯,只观察状况或是不在工作的人员。
STOP训练计划提供你很多培养良好观察技巧所必需的工具和诀窍。记得提醒自己要观察工作的人,这在开始可能会有些困难,但它的效益是相当值得你去努力的。
单元五的标题是工具与设备,当你运用在本单元所学的内容,你将会继续观察工作中的人员,专注于他们所使用的工具与设备。单元五不只如此而已,当你完成本手册之后,你将有下列能力:
说明在观察员工使用工具与设备时,所应特别注意的三件事项
解释整体观察表的定义
解释如何在安全观察时应用询问的态度
说明行为如何造成安全与不安全的状况
说明如何确保安全责任的观念被重视
现在请继续下面的重点复习。
工具与设备
大部分的工作都需要工具与设备,例如员工使用电脑、推土机或螺丝起子等,不论使用什么工具,员工都要遵循安全作业实务,以消除伤害发生的风险。
工具与设备的观察
为什么你必须观察人员是否安全地使用工具与设备?如单元一所述,杜邦公司十年的统计数字显示,员工使用工具与设备的方法占所有伤害事件的百分之二十八。因此,你是否了解为什么你需要确认员工安全地使用工具与设备?要安全的使用工具与设备,应避免下列的状况:
l 针对特定的工作,使用“不正确”的工具与设备
l “不当”地使用工具与设备
l 使用“状况不良”工具或设备
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