夏天由于气温高,天气炎热,提醒大家在出门前做好一切防晒防暑措施,注意室内外温度的调节,多喝水,保持身体健康。
气象学将日最高气温大于或等于35摄氏度定义为“高温日”,连续5天以上“高温日”称作“持续高温”。气温过高,人的胃肠功能因受暑热刺激,其功能就会相对减弱,容易发生头重倦怠、胸脘郁闷、食欲不振等不适症状,甚至引起中暑,伤害健康。
天气热,尽量避免在强烈阳光下进行户外工作或活动,特别是午后高温时段和老、弱、病、幼人群;在进行户外工作或活动时,要避免长时间在阳光下曝晒,同时采取防晒措施:穿浅色或素色的服装,带遮阳帽、草帽或打遮阳伞;多喝水,特别是盐开水,随身携带防暑药物,如:清凉油、风油精等。在高温作业场所,企业要采取有效的防暑降温措施,加强对工作人员防暑降温知识的宣传,合理调配工人的作业时间,避免高温时段室外作业,减轻劳动强度。还可以在饮食上加以调节,喝些绿豆汤,用莲子、薄荷、荷叶与粳米、冰糖煮粥不仅香甜爽口,还是极好的清热解暑良药,可以有效地防暑降温,避免发生中暑。
盛夏酷暑,高温燥热,常使人们食无味、睡不香,容易出现头晕、头痛、乏力,甚至恶心、呕吐等症状,为了安全度夏,家庭应准备一些防暑药物,常见的药物和食物有:
十滴水:能清暑散寒。适于中暑所致的头昏、恶心呕吐、胸闷腹泻等症。
藿香正气水:能清暑解表。适于暑天因受寒所致的头昏、腹痛、呕吐、腹泻突出者。
清凉油:能清暑解毒。可治疗暑热引起的头昏头痛,或因贪凉引起的腹泻。
金银花:具有祛暑清热、解毒止痢等功效。以开水泡代茶饮。
菊花:具有消暑、平肝、利尿等功效。有高血压患者尤宜。以开水泡代茶饮。
荷叶:适宜中暑所致的心烦胸闷、头昏头痛者,有高血压患者尤宜。
西瓜:西瓜是天然的白虎汤,具有很好的清热养阴作用,是夏天去暑消喝的佳品。
二、中暑的症状及急救方法
1.中暑的症状
(1)先兆中暑:出现大量出汗、口渴、头昏、耳鸣、胸闷、心悸、恶心、体温升高、全身无力。
(2)轻度中暑:除上述病症外,体温38℃以上,面色潮红,胸闷,有面色苍白,恶心、呕吐、大汗、皮肤湿冷、血压下降等呼吸循环衰竭的早期症状。
(3)重度中暑:除上述症状外,出现昏倒痉挛,皮肤干燥无汗、体温40℃以上等症状。
2.出现中暑后急救措施:
(1)迅速将中暑患者移至凉快通风处。
(2)脱去或解松衣服,使患者平卧休息。
(3)给患者喝含盐清凉饮料或含食盐0.1%~0.3%的凉开水。
(4)用凉水或酒精擦身(重点擦拭双侧腋窝和腹股沟)帮助散热。
(5)重度中暑患者立即送医院急救。
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