“事故隐患和职业危害监控法”(简称“监控法”)是指在生产(工作)区域内对事故隐患和职业危害作业点采取排查、评估、建档、立卡等措施,建立监督控制体系的群众性劳动保护方法。
“事故隐患”是指生产过程中,在工艺、设备、防护设施和作业环境等方面可能发生的事故缺陷。
“职业危害作业点”是指在生产环境中,因工艺设备、卫生防护设施等缺陷,使一些物理、化学、生物性质的有害物质污染作业环境,使接触者造成急性、慢性中毒或职业性疾病的作业点。
“监控法”是群众性劳动保护综合性的工作方法,它贯彻了“安全第一,预防为主”方针,促进企业安全管理工作重心转到对事故隐患的事前预防、监控和治理上来。主要包括 “安全检查提示卡” 、“有毒有害化学物质信息卡”、“危险源点警示卡”三种形式。分别适用于不同的行业或场合。
“安全检查提示卡”则适用于交通、建筑、矿山等行业。在企业发生的生产安全事故中,职工违章占了相当大的比重,“提示卡”则可以使职工在具体操作过程中,互相提醒,互相督促,防止职工习惯性违章。(见例一)
“有毒有害化学物质信息卡”主要适用于化工等职业危害严重的企业,它能让企业明确本企业接触有毒有害物质的职工人数、有毒有害物质的主要种类,让本岗位的职工了解自己所处的环境应注意的事项。(见例二)
“危险源点警示卡”适用于机械、冶金等安全隐患较多的企业,卡中突出了职工个体的防范。(见例三)
“一法三卡”的核心是注重对事故隐患和职业危害的提示检查、危险警示和信息告知,最终实现重点监控,并针对存在的问题采取及时有效的预防措施,保障企业的安全生产和职工身体健康,克服了以往亡羊补牢式的安全监督管理的弊端,促进和加强了安全监督管理,是“安全第一,预防为主”的方针在工会劳动保护监督检查实际工作中的具体应用和实践。
“一法三卡”工作要以“安康杯”竞赛为平台,达到:提高安全健康整体素质,实现安全健康科学发展。工会可以开展“职代会保安全”、“事故隐患排查、建档、整改”等具有工会特色的劳动保护监督检查活动,使工会将劳动保护监督检查与企业的安全生产管理有机结合起来,提高对各类事故隐患的预防、监控和治理效果。
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