不可不知的急救常识
泡脚水水温越高越好、直接把暖宝宝贴在皮肤上、抱着很烫的热水袋睡觉、电热毯整夜不关……冷空气一波接一波,怕冷人士调动所有“武器”,只求保暖。却不知,电暖袋、暖宝宝等成为“温柔杀手”。据了解,近日来长沙各大医院低温烫伤的患者呈上升趋势。
什么是“低温烫伤”?如何预防“低温烫伤”,出现“低温烫伤”如何处理?“身心”邀请专家详细解答,并给读者们提个醒:冬季取暖,别只顾温度。
出现低温烫伤,该怎么处理?
第一步:长时间使用取暖设备后,皮肤出现发红、发白等现象,即意味着发生了“低温烫伤”。应立即用清水湿敷或冲洗。
第二步:若皮肤有水泡、脱皮、渗出等破溃损害,可用0.9%生理盐水冷湿敷,以4-6层的纱布为好,一般以疼痛明显减轻为止,约半个小时左右。
第三步:由于低温烫伤的发生时间都比较长,往往损害比较深,达浅二度到深二度,严重的会达到三度,因此自己处理后,一定请专科医生治疗。
病情解读
低温烫伤,是指长时间接触高于45℃的低热物体所引起的烫伤,皮肤接触60摄氏度的温度持续5分钟,即可造成烫伤。导致烫伤的因素有两个:一个是热力,而另一个则是作用时间。医生提醒,由于冬季人体神经反应比较迟钝,皮肤的感觉也弱了很多。一旦接触电暖袋等取暖物品时间过长,皮肤可能并没有感觉烫,但热力已经渗透到软组织而形成烫伤。尤其是老年人,对热和痛的感觉迟钝;其次是婴幼儿,由于家长疏忽被低温烫伤的也时有发生。
不要整夜使用电热毯
解读:电热毯也是很多人冬季的取暖必备品。不过,电热毯虽然取暖方便,但是对人体的健康,没什么益处,也容易引起低温烫伤。
正确方法:
电热毯的温度不能开得太高,使用时最好在上床半个小时前打开,上床后就关闭电源,一定要避免整夜使用电热毯。孕妇、小孩尽量不要使用电热毯。这是因为怀孕早期的孕妇若使用电热毯,可能会诱发流产。电热毯有电流,也不适宜常常因尿床弄湿床铺的婴幼儿。
小贴士
糖尿病和血液循环有障碍者、皮肤热敏感性低者以及老年人都不适合长时间使用取暖用品。因为这类人的神经末梢往往比一般人迟钝,皮肤对温度不敏感,不容易感觉疼痛。
如何正确使用取暖物品?
随着气温降低,电热毯、电暖器、热水袋、暖手宝等备受人们的青睐。但因取暖导致“低温烫伤”的病人却不断增多,尤其是老人、小孩受伤率更高。为避免“低温烫伤”,日常生活中应注意以下细节。
泡脚水温不能过高,时间不能过长
解读:经常用过烫的水泡脚,容易导致慢性烫伤。双脚的皮肤颜色会变深,这是因为皮肤在长时间接触较高温度后,毛细血管扩张充血,出现色素沉着,导致“火激红斑”这类皮肤症状。
正确方法:
热水泡脚可以起到舒经活络、温暖全身的作用,但如果泡脚的时间太长、水温太高,对身体有害无益,老人尤其要注意。泡脚的水温以30℃到40℃为宜,泡脚的时间以15到30分钟为宜。有心血管疾病的人如果在泡脚过程中出现胸闷、头晕的感觉,应暂时停止。
使用暖宝宝最好多隔几层衣服
解读:使用热水袋或者暖宝宝,如果温度超过50℃,且直接接触皮肤时间比较长,就很容易在人还没有感觉到的时候,对皮肤造成伤害。
正确方法:
使用暖宝宝或者热水袋,不要直接接触皮肤,最好在外面加个布套。另外,选择质量比较好的暖宝宝,用暖宝宝时最好能多隔几层衣服,并且不宜贴过长时间,过一阵子最好揭下来换个部位再贴,并且切忌贴着暖宝宝睡觉,避免烫伤发生。皮肤容易过敏的人、孕妇和婴幼儿尽量少使用这样的取暖装备。
电暖袋的使用期一般为1年,最多用3年,每次使用前应仔细检查袋的表面是否出现老化裂痕,“服役”3年以上的电暖袋最好不用。
经常变换暖风机的位置
解读:暖风机在冬天也非常受欢迎,吹这样的暖风很少会吹得皮肤上起水泡,但是被暖风对着吹的皮肤常常会出现局部的网状红斑。离开暖风的范围后,皮肤上的红斑会慢慢消失。别以为这样就不会对皮肤造成伤害了。经常出现这样的红斑,会造成色素沉着,时间长了,会让皮肤慢慢变黑。
正确方法:
使用暖风机等取暖器时,一定要避免对着吹,皮肤感觉温暖即可,如果皮肤有发烫的感觉,就说明距离太近了,有被低温烫伤的危险。要经常变换暖风机的位置。给宝宝使用暖风机,要特别当心放暖风机的位置,防止意外发生。
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