Influenza A(H1N1)----previous nickname Swine Flu---how to prevent it
As of 28 April 2009, the United States Government has reported 40 laboratory confirmed human cases of swine influenza A/H1N1. Also as of 28 April, the Government of Mexico has reported 26 laboratory confirmed cases of swine influenza A/H1N1. In addition, there have been confirmed cases in Canada, Britain and Spain.截至4月28日美国政府报告有40例实验室确认的猪流感病例,墨西哥有26例实验室确认的猪流感病例。

What is swine flu?
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses. Outbreaks of swine flu happen regularly in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Most commonly, human cases of swine flu happen in people who are around pigs but it's possible for swine flu viruses to spread from person to person also.

什么是猪流感？
猪流感是一种因A型猪流感病毒引起的猪呼吸系统疾病。猪流感通常暴发于生猪当中。人类一般不会患上猪流感,但人感染病例还是能够发生,也的确发生过。人感染猪流感病例多见于生猪附近的人员,但猪流感病毒也有可能在人与人之间传播。

Is the swine flu virus contagious?
The US CDC has determined that this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it not known how easily the virus spreads between people.

猪流感病毒有传染性？
美国疾控中心已确定这种病毒具有传染性,并且正在人际间传播。但是,目前尚不知晓此种病毒发生人际间传播的难易程度。

What are the signs and symptoms of swine flu in people?
The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have reported diarrhea and vomiting associated with swine flu. In the past, severe illness (pneumonia and respiratory failure) and deaths have been reported with swine flu infection in people. Like seasonal flu, swine flu may cause a worsening of underlying chronic medical conditions.

人感染猪流感,会出现何种迹象和症状？
人感染猪流感的症状与常规人感染流感的症状类似,包括发热、咳嗽、喉咙痛、身体疼痛、头痛、发冷和疲劳等。有些人还会出现与猪流感有关的腹泻和呕吐症状。在过去也曾出现过因人感染猪流感，并引发严重疾病(肺炎和呼吸衰竭)及死亡。与季节性流感一样,猪流感也可造成基本慢性医疗条件恶化。

How do you catch swine flu?
Spread of swine flu can occur in two ways:
? Through contact with infected pigs or environments contaminated with swine flu viruses.
? Through contact with a person with swine flu. Human-to-human spread of swine flu has been documented also and is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu. Influenza is thought to spread mainly person-to-person through the coughing or sneezing of infected people.

人类如何感染猪流感？
猪流感病毒可以两种方式传播:
通过与受感染生猪或受猪流感病毒污染的环境发生接触。
通过与感染猪流感病毒的人类发生接触。猪流感发生人际间传播在文献中亦有记载,而且据说传播途径与季节性流感相同。流感主要是通过受感染患者咳嗽或喷嚏而进行传播。

What should I do to keep from getting the flu?
First and most important: wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Try not touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

为防止自己患病可采取何种措施？
首先、也是最重要的:洗手。尽可能保持健康,足够睡眠、积极运动、调节压力、饮用足量水、增加食物营养等。不要碰触可能污染流感病毒的物体表面。避免接触呼吸道病人。

Are there medicines to treat swine flu?
Yes. The CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with these swine influenza viruses. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms).

有药物可以治疗猪流感？
是的,有。CDC建议采用奥塞米韦或扎那米韦治疗和/或预防感染这些猪流感病毒。抗病毒药物均为处方(药丸、液态制剂或吸入剂),可通过抑制流感病毒在人体内复制起到抵御流感的作用。如果人生病了,抗病毒药物可使疾病减轻,并让人快速恢复健康。这些药亦可防止严重的流感并发症。如果在患病后(出现症状后2天之内)立即开始服用抗病毒药物,效果则会达到最佳。

How long can an infected person spread swine flu to others?
People with swine influenza virus infection should be considered potentially contagious as long as they are symptomatic and possible for up to 7 days following illness onset. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods.

感染的人在多长时间内有传染性？
感染猪流感病毒的患者只要出现症状,且可能在病发后的7天时间里,均应视为具有潜在传染性。儿童,尤其是幼儿,在较长时期内可能均具有潜在传染性。

What surfaces are most likely to be sources of contamination?
Germs can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. Germs can be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from another person on a surface like a desk and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands.

最可能被污染的物体表面是什么？
病菌可以通过触碰了污染有病菌的物体然后再触碰自己的眼睛、鼻子或嘴而传播。来自感染者咳嗽和喷嚏的飞沫(小滴)可以通过空气移动,病菌可以通过污染了他人呼吸道飞沫(小滴)的表面如桌子、然后未洗手再触碰他们自己的眼睛、鼻子或嘴而传播。

How long can viruses live outside the body?
We know that some viruses and bacteria can live 2 hours or longer on surfaces like cafeteria tables, doorknobs, and desks. Frequent handwashing will help you reduce the chance of getting contamination from these common surfaces.

病毒离开人体能活多久？
我们知道有些病毒和细菌在物体表面如餐桌、扶手、桌子等可以生存2小时或更长。经常洗手可以减低触碰公共物表面而受污染的机会。

What can I do to protect myself from getting sick?
There is no vaccine available right now to protect against swine flu. However, there are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health:
Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
Cover your cough or sneeze if you do not have a tissue. Then, wash your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze. 
Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. 
Try to avoid close contact with sick people.
If you get sick with influenza, the CDC recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.

为防止自己患病可采取何种措施？
目前尚没有针对猪流感的疫苗可用。但是,日常行为能够帮助预防可导致像流感这样的呼吸系统疾病的病菌的传播。请采取如下日常措施来保护自身的健康:
打喷嚏时以餐巾纸遮盖口鼻,餐巾纸用后丢入垃圾桶。
如果没有餐巾纸,遮盖咳嗽和喷嚏然后洗手,每次咳嗽和打喷嚏时都这样做。
经常用肥皂和水洗手,特别是在咳嗽和打喷嚏后,含有酒精的洗手液也是有效的。
避免触碰你的口鼻眼。病菌可以通过这种方式传播。
尽量避免接触病人。
如果你得了流感,疾控中心建议你呆在家里别去工作/学校,不要接触其他人而感染他们。

What is the best technique for washing my hands to avoid getting the flu?
Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. Wash with soap and water. or clean with alcohol-based hand cleaner. we recommend that when you wash your hands -- with soap and warm water -- that you wash for 15 to 20 seconds. When soap and water are not available, alcohol-based disposable
hand wipes or gel sanitizers may be used. You can find them in most supermarkets and drugstores. If using gel, rub your hands until the gel is dry. The gel doesn't need water to work; the alcohol in it kills the germs on your hands.

为了预防感染流感,最好的洗手技巧是什么？
经常洗手会帮助你防止感染病菌。用肥皂和水洗手,或用含酒精的洗手液洗手。建议:洗手时用肥皂和水,然后洗15-20秒钟冲掉。如没有水和肥皂,也可以用含有酒精的纸巾或擦手液。在很多超市和药店中都可以买到。如果用擦手液,请摩擦手掌直至擦手液干燥,不需水冲洗。酒精可以杀死手上的病菌。

Can I get swine influenza from eating or preparing pork?
No. Swine influenza viruses are not spread by food. You cannot get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe. 

我可以通过进食或做猪肉食品而感染猪流感吗？
不会。猪流感病毒不会通过食物传播。因此,食用猪肉或猪肉制品不会感染猪流感。食用处理得当的熟猪肉制品是安全的。