1)危险点概述
乙炔发生站在没有条件使用乙炔瓶的企业中应用比较广泛,以集中为生产一线提供乙炔气体。但是由于乙炔气体具有的爆炸极限范围宽、爆炸下极限低、点火能量小等危险特性,极易导致火灾爆炸事故。
2)安全技术管理要求
(1)乙炔站(房)的设计应符合要求。
(2)建立健全的安全管理规章制度:
①出、入站(房)必须登记,交出火种,穿戴必须符合规定。
②严格执行巡回检查制度,记录齐全可靠。
(3)应建立各种相应的安全技术资料档案。
(4)管道系统:
①管道、阀门应严密可靠。与乙炔长期接触的部件,其材质含铜量应为不高于70%的铜合金。
②管道应有良好导出静电的措施,应定期测试记录。
③管道系统须合理设置回火防止器,保证可靠有效。
(5)电石库房及破碎系统:
①库房应符合规定,通风良好,保持干燥,严禁积水、漏雨及潮湿。
②电石桶应保持严密,不允许空气与桶内电石长期接触。
③人力破碎电石时,应穿戴好劳动防护用品;机械破碎电石时,应采用除尘装置,并及时清除粉末状电石,且按规定采用电石入水法妥善处理。
④设置中间电石库及破碎间时,应采取防潮措施。
(6)安全措施:
①乙炔发生系统检修前必须采用惰性介质进行彻底置换,采样化验合格后方可进行检修。
②低压乙炔发生器平衡阀应完好、标志明显和有防误操作的措施。
③浮筒式气柜应有和极限位置连锁的报警装置,并根据环境条件设置喷淋装置。
④站房内的电器、仪器(表)必须满足防爆要求。
⑤安全装置均应灵敏可靠、完好有效,按规定进行定期检验、检查并有记录。
⑥防雷措施应符合要求。
(7)消防设施:
①合理配备消防器材,有醒目的指示标志。
②消防通道畅通无阻,最好为环形布置。
③严禁使用水、泡沫灭火器扑救电石着火,严禁四氯化碳等卤族类物质进入站(房)。
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