砂轮质脆易碎、转速高、使用频繁,极易伤人。它的安装位置是否合理,是否符合安全要求;它的使用方法是否正确,是否符合安全操作规程,这些问题都直接关系到每一位职工的人身安全,因此在实际的使用中必须引起我们足够的重视。
1.砂轮机安装过程中的注意事项
(1)安装位置的选择。砂轮机禁止安装在正对着附近设备及操作人员或经常有人过往的地方。较大的车间应设置专用的砂轮机房。如果受厂房地形的限制不能设置专用的砂轮机房,则应在砂轮机正面装设不低于1.8 m高度的防护挡板,并且要求挡板牢固有效。
(2)砂轮的静平衡。砂轮的不平衡造成的危害主要表现在两个方面:一方面在砂轮高速旋转时,引起振动;另一方面,不平衡加速了主轴轴承的磨损,严重时会导致砂轮的破裂,造成事故。因此,要求直径大于或等于200mm的砂轮装上法兰盘后应先进行静平衡调试。砂轮在经过整形修整后或在工作中发现不平衡时,应重复进行静平衡调试。
(3)安装砂轮与卡盘的匹配。匹配问题主要是指卡盘与砂轮的安装配套问题。按标准要求,砂轮法兰盘直径不得小于被安装砂轮直径的1/3,且规定砂轮磨损到直径比法兰盘直径大10mm时应更换新砂轮。此外,在砂轮与法兰盘之间还应加装直径大于卡盘直径2 mm、厚度为1~2 mm的软垫。
(4)砂轮机的防护罩。防护罩是砂轮机最主要的防护装置,其作用是:当砂轮在工作中因故破坏时,能够有效地罩住砂轮碎片,保证人员的安全。砂轮防护罩的开口角度在主轴水平面以上不允许超过90゜。防护罩应安装牢固可靠,不得随意拆卸或丢弃不用。
防护罩在主轴水平面以上开口大于等于30゜时必须设挡屑屏板,以遮挡磨削飞屑伤及操作人员。它安装于防护罩开口正端,宽度应大于砂轮防护罩宽度,并且应牢固地固定在防护罩上。此外,砂轮圆周表面与挡板的间隙应小于6mm。
(5)砂轮机的工件托架。托架是砂轮机常用的附件之一。砂轮直径在150m以上的砂轮机必须设置可调托架。砂轮与托架之间的距离应小于被磨工件最小外形尺寸的1/2,但最大不应超过3 mm。
(6)砂轮机的接地保护。砂轮机的外壳必须有良好的接地保护装置。
2.使用砂轮机的安全要求
(1)禁止侧面磨削。按规定用圆周表面作工作面的砂轮不宜使用侧面进行磨削,因为砂轮的径向强度较大而轴向强度很小,操作者用力过大会造成砂轮破碎,甚至伤人。
(2)不准正面操作。使用砂轮机磨削工件时,操作者应站在砂轮的侧面,不得在砂轮的正面进行操作,以免砂轮出故障时破碎伤人。
(3)不准共同操作。2人共用l台砂轮机同时操作,是一种严重的违章操作行为,应严格禁止。
- 上一篇:生产安全事故信息报告和处置办法相关规定实施标准
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