导读:听说“祸从口出”,是否也听说过“病从口入”?随着人们生活水平的提高,“吃”已经不再是一个问题,而如何健康地“吃”,如何避免“吃”出疾病才是需要关注的问题。其中,癌症专家提醒:不少癌症就是吃出来的疾病,人们在日常生活当中应该主要预防致癌饮食习惯。
唐代名医孙思邈的《千金方》中说到:“凡欲治疗,先以食疗,食疗不愈,后乃用药尔。”癌症病因研究中,有人估计饮食约占35%,吸烟占30%。如果饮食安排合理,癌症危险可减少55%。50年前,美国胃癌死亡率很高,日本是世界胃癌发病率最高的国家,现在都明显下降,饮食控制是其中重要因素。上海近30年肉蛋摄入明显上升,脂肪占总热量比例由20.1%上升至28%,肿瘤死因由第7位上升至第1位。
预防癌症的3大饮食原则
第一,不要过咸。
如果减少食盐、盐腌制品,多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果,那么胃癌发病率就会下降。亚硝酸盐是导致肿瘤的第一杀手。不新鲜的蔬菜、腌制的火腿、泡菜都含有这种致癌物。通常条件下膳食中的亚硝酸盐不会对人体健康造成危害,只有过量摄入亚硝酸盐,体内又缺乏维生素C的情况下,才会对人体引起危害。如果吃的过咸,会破坏胃黏膜,促使硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐。
第二,不要过细。
现代人吃的粮食过于精细,使得纤维素的摄入量大大降低。纤维素能吸附大量水分,促进肠蠕动,加快粪便的排泄,使致癌物质在肠道内的停留时间缩短,对肠道的不良刺激减少,从而可以预防肠癌发生。粗粮、麦片、芹菜、木耳等都是富含纤维素食品。但过量摄入纤维素会影响诸多营养素的吸收,使体力下降,故每天10—30克为宜。
第三,不要过油。
调查显示,如果油、动物蛋白的摄入量增加,大肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌的发病率就会上升。高温煎炸食物会产生苯并芘、杂环胺类化合物和丙烯酰胺,与妇女肺腺癌可能相关,而水煮及微波炉蒸则不发生。
世界卫生组织也曾提出通过合理的生活饮食习惯预防癌症的五条建议:1、限制动物脂肪;2、增加粗纤维;3、.减少肉食;4、增加新鲜水果和蔬菜;5、避免肥胖。
在此我们还要向大家推荐一些防癌食品:1.十字花科植物,包括包心菜、大白菜、白萝卜、菜花、油菜。2.百合科植物,有洋葱、蒜、百合等,但烹饪时,不宜过热煎炒。3.水果:柑橘、猕猴桃、苹果、菠萝。4.真菌类:香菇、草菇、蘑菇、木耳,注意不要反复漂洗。5.杂粮类:玉米、小米、番薯、燕麦、薏米,注意切勿过度淘洗。此外,还要适量摄入鱼、贝和肉类,但烹饪时,不要进行熏烤。
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