蔬菜的吃法主要有熟吃和凉拌生吃两种,有些蔬菜生吃更有营养,有些蔬菜生吃更好,但并不是所有的蔬菜都能凉拌生吃的,有些蔬菜生吃不仅不能吸收到营养,反而会影响肠胃的正常功能。
一、适宜生吃的蔬菜:
胡萝卜、白萝卜、水萝卜、番茄、黄瓜、柿子椒、大白菜心、紫包菜等,生吃时最好选择无公害的绿色蔬菜或有机蔬菜。生吃的方法包括自制蔬菜汁,将新鲜蔬菜适当加点醋、盐、橄榄油等凉拌,切块蘸酱食用等。
二、需要焯一下的蔬菜:
花科蔬菜,如西兰花、菜花等焯过后口感更好,它们含有丰富的纤维素也更容易消化;菠菜、竹笋、茭白等含草酸较多的蔬菜也最好焯一下,因为草酸在肠道内与钙结合成难吸收的草酸钙,干扰人体对钙的吸收;大头菜等芥菜类的蔬菜含有硫代葡萄糖甙,水焯一下,水解后生成挥发性芥子油,味道更好,且能促进消化吸收;马齿苋等野菜焯一下能彻底去除尘土和小虫,还能防止过敏。而莴苣、荸荠等生吃之前也最好先削皮、洗净,用开水烫一下再吃。
三、煮熟才能吃的蔬菜:
1、含淀粉的蔬菜,如土豆、芋头、山药等必须熟吃,否则其中的淀粉粒不破裂,人体无法消化;
2、含有大量的皂甙和血球凝集素的扁豆和四季豆,食用时一定要熟透变色;
3、豆芽一定要煮熟吃,无论是凉拌还是烹炒。
新鲜黄花、木耳不能吃:
木耳和鲜黄花菜含有毒素千万别吃。吃干木耳时,烹调前宜用温水泡发,泡发后仍然紧缩在一起的部分不要吃;干黄花用冷水发制较好。
四、生熟搭配最有益:
生吃和熟吃互相搭配,对身体更有益处。如萝卜种类繁多,生吃以汁多辣味少者为好,但其属于凉性食物,阴虚体质者还是熟吃为宜。有些食物生吃或熟吃摄取的营养成分是不同的。比如,番茄中含有能降低患前列腺癌和肝癌风险的番茄红素,要想摄取就应该熟吃。但如果你想摄取维生素C,生吃的效果会更好,因为维生素C在烹调过程中易流失。
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