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危险化学品泄漏事故应急处置 | 2012-9-2 8:03:00
⑴进入泄漏现场进行处理时,应注意安全防护
进入现场救援人员必须配备必要的个人防护器具。
如果泄漏物是易燃易爆的,事故中心区应严禁火种、切断电源、禁止车辆进入、立即在边界设置警戒线根据事故情况和事故发展,确定事故波及区人员的撤离。
如果泄漏物是有毒的,应使用专用防护服、隔绝式空气面具。为了在现场上能正确使用和适应,平时应进行严格的适应性训练。立即在事故中心区边界设置警戒线。根据事故情况和事故发展,确定事故波及区人员的撤离。
应急处理时严禁单独行动,要有监护人,必要时用水枪、水炮掩护。
⑵泄漏源控制
关闭阀门、停止作业或改变工艺流程、物料走副线、局部停车、打循环、减负荷运行等。
堵漏。采用适合的材料和技术手段堵住泄漏处。
⑶泄漏物处理
围堤堵截:筑堤堵泄漏液体或者引流到安全地点。贮罐区发生液体修楼时,要即使关闭雨水阀,防止物料沿明沟外流。
稀释与覆盖:向有害物蒸气云喷射雾状水,加速气体向高空扩散。对于可燃物,也可以在现场施放大量水。
蒸气或氮气,破坏燃烧条件。对于液体泄漏,为降低物料向大气中的蒸发速度,可用泡沫或其他覆盖物品覆盖外泄的物料,在其表面形成覆盖层,抑制其蒸发。
收容(集):对于大型泄漏,可选择用隔膜泵将泄漏出的物料抽入容器内或槽车内;当泄漏量小时,可用沙子、吸附材料、中和材料等吸收中和。
废弃:将收集的泄漏物运至废物处理场所处置。用消防水冲洗剩下的少量物料,冲洗水排入污水系统处理。
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