喝牛奶不仅有利于个体的骨骼生长发育,而且有利于体格发育。不过,有关专家表示,牛奶的营养价值虽然很高,但是如果没有正确地去饮用,反而会事倍功半,甚至会对身体带来不良的影响。
不同牛奶适合不同的人群
牛奶按含脂量的不同,牛奶分为全脂、半脱脂、脱脂三类。这三类牛奶的钙质和B族维生素含量都差不多。不过不同的人群应该选用不同的牛奶。
全脂牛奶含有牛奶的所有成分,口感最好,但热量也高,适合少年儿童、孕妇和老年人饮用。半脱脂奶比较适合中年人,它是一种大众消费型牛奶。患有高血压、高血脂、血栓等心血管系统疾病的人、糖尿病患者、肥胖者应该选喝脱脂牛奶。
8种人不宜喝牛奶
牛奶的营养价值虽然很高,但并不是所有的人都适合喝牛奶。营养学专家建议以下这8种人不宜喝牛奶:
经常接触铅的人;乳糖不耐者;喝牛奶后会出现腹痛、腹泻等甚至出现鼻炎、哮喘或荨麻疹等症状的牛奶过敏者;返流性食管炎患者;腹腔和胃切除手术后的患者;肠道易激综合症患者;胆囊炎和胰腺炎患者;平时有腹胀、多屁、腹痛和腹泻等症状者。
牛奶不能当水喝
牛奶中含有大量水分,但由于是高渗性饮料,饮入过多,特别在出汗、失水过多时,容易导致脱水。由于牛奶中的钙镁离子会和药物生成稳定的络合物,如果用牛奶来送服药片,会影响药效。因此,牛奶是不能当水喝的。
喝牛奶要适量
食物从来就没有好坏之分,关键在于怎么搭配,一切都是量的问题。就像很多人说红烧肉这样的东西油脂含量太高,有致病风险,但一般人每周吃一两顿又有什么关系?
可是,你不能天天吃、顿顿吃,那样身体也会受不了。我们现在是牛奶喝得不够,需要增加,使我们的饮食结构、营养搭配更合理。这和美国人喝得太多需要限制是一个道理。
正常饮用牛奶不会导致蛋白质过量,一袋250毫升的牛奶中只有7到
关于饮奶量:一般成年人每天250ml;1~3岁的儿童、青春发育期的孩子(男12~14岁、女10~12岁)、孕妇、乳母、50岁以上的中老年妇女建议每天500ml。如果饮奶量达500ml/日,建议选择低脂或脱脂牛奶,以防饱和脂肪摄入过多。
鲜奶温饮不宜煮沸
牛奶可以加热来饮用,但不要煮沸。因为煮沸后,牛奶蛋白质受高温作用会由溶胶状态转变成凝胶状态,钙出现沉淀,并且原本富含的维生素C和其它维生素被破坏,营养价值降低,同时其中的乳糖会发生焦化,而焦化乳糖可诱发癌症。
睡前喝奶促睡眠
大多数人建议早上饮奶,同时吃些富含淀粉的谷类食物以提供能量,帮助牛奶营养更好吸收利用。晚间睡眠不好或比较瘦的人,可以在睡前加喝一杯牛奶。
研究发现,牛奶中含有两种催眠物质,其中一种是能够促进睡眠的以血清素合成的色氨酸,由于它的作用,往往只需要一杯牛奶就可以使人入睡;另外一种则是具有类似麻醉镇静作用的天然吗啡类的物质。
所以,如果在晚上有睡眠质量差、睡眠浅,可以在傍晚或临睡前30分钟时饮用,保证睡眠的质量。需要注意的是,工作疲劳或运动流汗后喝大量牛奶,则会加重疲劳感。
专家提醒:不要在空腹的时候喝牛奶;不要与茶、咖啡一起饮用牛奶;不要在牛奶中添加橘汁或柠檬汁橘汁和柠檬汁中均含有一定量的果酸,果酸会使牛奶中的蛋白质变性,从而降低蛋白质的营养价值。
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