1、职工听力保护系指噪声、听力测试与评定、工程控制措施、护耳器的要求及使用、职工培训以及记录保存等。
2、单位职业卫生管理部门(人员)负责制定职工听力保护计划并组织实施。
3、单位应在噪声作业场所设置监测点。按卫生部《工业企业职工听力保护规范》(卫法监发[1999]第620号)的测量方法至少每年进行一次检测。在作业场所噪声水平可能发生改变时,应及时监测变化情况。
4、根据监测结果,确定本单位每工作8小时暴露于等效声级大于等于85dB(以下简称“Laeq,8≥85dB”)的职工人群。监测结果应以书面或公告形式通知有关职工。凡Laeq,8≥85dB的作业场所应有警示标识,进入该区域作业人员应佩戴具有足够声衰减值、合适有效的护耳器。
5、凡接触噪声的职工应按照卫生部《职业健康监护管理办法》(2002年卫生部第23号令)的检查项目及周期进行职业健康检查,避免职业禁忌者从事接触噪声作业。
6、对于暴露于Laeq,8≥85dB的职工,应按听力保护规范的听力测试与评定方法进行基础听力测定和定期跟踪听力测定,评定职工是否发生高频标准听阈偏移(HSTS)。对于发生高频标准听阈偏移的职工,应采取听力保护措施,防止听力进一步下降。
7、在新建、改建、扩建项目的职业卫生“三同时”工作中,应加强对噪声源的工程控制,噪声控制设计应符合GBJ87《工业企业噪声控制设计规范》和GBZ1《工业企业设计卫生标准》的规定。噪声控制设备应经常维修保养,确保噪声控制效果。
8、应对职工进行听力保护培训,主要内容包括:
(1)噪声对健康的危害;
(2)听力测试的目的和程序;
(3)噪声实际检测结果及噪声危害控制的一般方法;
(4)各类型护耳器的优缺点、声衰减值和如何选用、佩戴、保管和更换等。
9、应建立健全听力保护档案,主要内容包括:
(1)噪声岗位基本情况;
(2)作业场所噪声监测结果及评价;
(3)接触噪声职工的听力测定和定期体检结果;
(4)控制噪声工程项目的开展情况;
(5)噪声个人防护用品的发放、使用台帐。
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