1.选用抗溶性泡沫扑救。甲醇(CH3OH),属无色澄清易挥发液体,能溶于水,凝固点
醇类物质,属于水溶性可燃物质,由于它们的分子极性较强,能大量吸收泡沫中的水分,使泡沫很快被破坏而失去作用,所以不能用蛋白泡沫和“轻水”泡沫来扑救醇类火灾。而抗溶性泡沫添加了抗溶物质,如“锌皂型”泡沫,由于金属皂增加了泡沫的耐液性,能抵抗水溶性可燃液体的破坏;凝胶型抗溶型泡沫,其混合液在形成泡沫时产生既不溶于水又不溶于极性溶液的胶状膜,泡沫稳定性和耐液体性较好等,能较好地覆盖于极性溶液的液面,达到灭火的效果。
2.用普通泡沫扑救。抗溶性泡沫主要用于扑救甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、醋酸乙脂等一般水溶性可燃液体火灾,也可扑救一般油类火灾和固体火灾,但因灭火成本高,一般不予采用。但是,多数消防队一般不备抗溶性泡沫,这种情况下,可冷却罐壁,使其稳定燃烧,待醇类液体数量相对减少后,大量向罐内注水稀释,在燃烧强度明显降低时,再向罐内喷射泡沫,方能将火灭掉。需要注意的是,向罐内灌注泡沫前,要加大罐壁冷却强度,使罐壁温度逐渐下降;灌注泡沫时间要打破5min灭火理论,要相对延长(10min~15min即可);灭火停喷泡沫后,仍要继续冷却罐壁降温0.5h~1h,这样灭火不易复燃。
3.水封法扑救。根据醇类物质溶于水的特性,醇类火灾,可用开花、喷雾水枪用水封窒息法扑救。采用此灭火法,应注意以下问题:(1)要用多支开花、喷雾水枪,确实形成强大的水雾团,将燃烧面全面覆盖,同时,水雾团要尽力喷至接近燃烧液面,如罐内液面太低,同时,须先注稀释且抬高液面接近罐壁上沿时,再实施水封,不留死角;(2)水封时间要相对长(20min~30min),这样既能稀释降低燃烧程度、又能逐渐降低燃烧温度,利于水封窒息灭火;(3)在实施水封窒息灭火的同时,对罐壁要实施不间断的均匀冷却,且灭火后仍要对罐壁继续一定时间的冷却,严防复燃;(4)灭火后,要及时处理甲醇水溶液,如倒罐、排放至安全处焚烧等,防止挥发引起二次爆炸。
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