●夏季养生观点“打架”:有人提倡夏季多“吃苦”,有人建议应“吃辣”
●专家:孰对孰错不能一概而论,应视个体辨证而定,莫生搬硬套以免错吃伤身
立夏一到,各媒体纷纷支招夏季饮食养生。有细心读者发现,在该不该多“吃苦”方面,不同文章的观点大相径庭,有的提倡夏季养生重在养心、宜多“吃苦”,也有的认为夏天吃“苦”并非养生妙法,建议应“省苦增辛”。
上述互相“打架”的养生观点着实让不少读者犯难:到底孰是孰非?该听谁的?对此,中医专家认为不能一概而论,而应在均衡饮食的前提上,根据个人的具体情况适当做出调整。比如,夏季多在高温酷热的室外工作的人群,可适当多“吃苦”以清热泻火祛暑湿;而长时间待在办公室空调环境下少出汗者,饮食上适当“增辛”或有助行气养阳。
医学指导/广州中医药大学第一附属医院门诊办主
现象:夏季养生观点“打架”?
“我一向认为通过饮食来养生本来是比较安全合理的,但自己又缺乏这方面的常识,多数是通过媒体或亲友的介绍去尝试。”林女士是一位全职主妇,有闲工夫经常读书看报或是上网关注各种养生话题,对饮食养生尤为推崇。她发现,上周五立夏一到,报纸和网络上纷纷提倡饮食养生,但一些文章的观点却大相径庭,有的专家提倡夏季养生重在养心、宜多“吃苦”,也有的认为夏天吃“苦”并非养生妙法,建议应“省苦增辛”。
“以前一到这个时节,家里老人都爱吃苦瓜,说是‘夏日吃苦,胜似进补’。”林女士称,也正因此,她一直认为夏天就应多“吃苦”。近日逛菜市,她发现苦瓜走俏,档主和一些前去“帮衬”老街坊也有一搭没一搭地在互相交流,也都说现在“多吃点苦”可消暑降火。但是,她发现最近有些文章却建议入夏应“省苦增辛”,也就是说要多吃点辛辣的东西,称自古有“冬吃萝卜夏吃姜,不找医生开药方”一说。
“这些观点互相‘打架’,到底谁对谁错、该听谁的呀?”爱较真的林女士没了主张。
专家说法:吃苦清心火,增辛养肺气
“夏天饮食养生之所以会出现不同的说法,其实是出发点不同造成的。提倡吃苦者看重的是降心火,而主张‘增辛’(辛字这里解作辣)者则重在养肺气。”广州中医药大学第一附属医院门诊办主任林国华教授从中医的角度解释说,人体的五脏功能和自然界的五行及四季消长的变化相对应,其中,夏季属五行中的“火”,对应五脏中的“心”。而据《黄帝内经》,“苦入心”(苦味归入于心)、“心恶热”,因此夏季养生不少观点都提到要“吃苦”降“心火”以“养心”。
同理,夏天若“心火”过旺,“肺气”就会受损,而在五行中,“辛入肺”,想养肺气在饮食上宜“增辛”。唐代药王孙思邈就曾在其重要著述《千金要方》中提出“夏七十二日,省苦增辛,以养肺气。”夏天贪凉常喝冷饮叹低温空调的现代人,更易因冷食寒气伤肺。因此有专家提倡夏季养生适当多吃些辛润之物,以助宣发、补益肺气。
“吃苦”或“增辛”,辨证最要紧
夏天饮食养生,该“吃苦”还是“增辛”?林国华认为“不能一概而论”。
“岭南的夏天暑湿较盛,适当多吃点苦还有助于化除人体内的湿邪。”林国华介绍称,中医认为“苦”有三大作用,除了“降火”,还兼能“燥湿”(即祛除暑湿)和“坚阴”(泻火存阴)的作用,所以广东不少地方民间盛行入夏后适当多吃点“苦”是有一定道理的。
即便如此,也不是说南方人一到夏天都应“以苦为补”。林国华建议,无论“吃苦”还是“增辛”,最好都应在均衡饮食的前提上,根据个体差异辨证做出调整,切莫生搬硬套,以免过度食用伤身。比如:脾胃虚寒者就不宜多“吃苦”,以免引起恶心腹泻等不良反应;而气虚者则不宜多吃辛味之物,以免更伤正气。另外,工作环境不同对身体也会有很大的影响,可在饮食上多加注意以调养,比如:在高温酷热的室外工作的人,可适当多“吃苦”以清热泻火祛暑湿;而长时间待在办公室空调环境下少出汗者,饮食上适当“增辛”对行气养阳有一定的补益。
小贴士:“吃苦”“增辛”都有讲究
“夏天该多吃苦还是吃辛?辨证之后如何才能吃出效果,也有一定讲究。”广州中医药大学第一附属医院保健科主任陈瑞芳教授给出如下贴士:
善用烹调把握苦味寒性
凡苦味蔬菜大都性寒能清热,但也不少街坊担心夏季常吃这类食物会伤胃。对此,陈瑞芳建议可因人而异来烹煮。比如,青壮年有实热者,想通过吃苦瓜来清热败火时,最好是切薄片凉拌着吃。因为这种做法更接近原汁原味,能更好地起到食疗的作用。
若想一家老少共享,最好是煲苦瓜排骨汤:将苦瓜切成块用开水灼过,再用油、蒜爆炒以减弱其寒性,然后再与排骨同煲至熟烂,这样处理之后无论汤还是渣吃起来味道都甘而不苦,既醒胃、清热、生津,也不至于太苦寒伤脾胃。
除了苦瓜,夏季可降火清热的蔬菜还有莴笋、丝瓜、苦菜等,也可交替着适当吃些,但每次都要注意适量而止,以免伤身。
入夏增辛多选姜蒜少辣椒
肺气虚宜通过饮食“增辛”。陈瑞芳认为选择辛味食物最好多挑姜、葱、蒜,少吃辣椒。因为姜、葱、蒜相对于辣椒刺激性偏弱,比较温和,肺气虚者夏天适当食用既可养阳益气,又不至于太燥热。需要特别提醒的是,眼下湘菜、川菜已风靡全国,不少人即使大夏天也会隔三岔五开怀吃辣,这类人反而应多加小心,特别是体质偏热、常熬夜火气大,或是有慢性结膜炎或其他消化道疾病、便秘、痔疮者更应忌口,以免被辣出病来。 (本文来源:大洋网-广州日报)
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