泡茶的水有讲究
饮茶之道,重在取水。自古以来,泡茶讲究取“山之上,水之中,土之下”的清水。我们绝没有皇族的富贵,不可以取得玉泉山、虎跑泉的名水,但我们也可以到超市买一瓶矿泉水或纯净水。实在不济,也可以将自来水放置半天,此所谓“养水”。
将备好的泉水加热至沸腾。水不沸谓之“嫩”,冲泡不出茶的香气;水沸腾时间过长,谓之“老”,水中的二氧化碳挥发过多,也会影响茶的鲜香,只有刚沸腾的水最好。泡新茶要先水后茶,即将开水先冲入杯中,等待稍许慢慢投入4~5克新茶浸泡1分钟左右就可以饮用了。
泡茶有很多讲究,而且不同地方泡茶的方法也有不同,但一致的是要使茶叶的色、香、味充分地冲泡出来,使茶叶的营养成分尽量地被饮茶者利用,其中就要注意茶、水的比例,这个比例以1比50为宜,也就是泡3克茶,用150毫升左右的水。
茶泡多久才有益健康
春天是生产好茶的季节,也是品茶的好时光。要想喝上一杯上等好茶,除了具备好茶、好水的条件外,还必须掌握泡茶要点,才能喝得更健康。
绿茶,现泡现喝。绿茶之所以具有抗氧化、清除自由基、抗衰老、抗病毒等保健功能,主要是因为茶叶中的多酚类物质。如果冲泡温度过高或时间过久,多酚类物质就会被破坏,茶汤不但会变黄,其中的芳香物质也会挥发散失。一般来说,绿茶冲泡水温以80℃为宜,水初沸即可。冲泡时间以2—3分钟为好,最好现泡现饮。绿茶与水的比例要恰当,以1:50为宜,常用3克茶叶冲水150毫升,冲泡出来的绿茶汤浓淡适中。黄茶和白茶的冲泡方法与此接近。
乌龙茶,茶叶要多放。乌龙茶冲泡时水温也以沸水为宜。乌龙茶的泡茶用量较多,一般以10克为宜,约装满紫砂壶容积的一半。乌龙茶可冲泡5—6次,时间可由短到长,以2—5分钟为宜。
红茶,泡久些更健康。与绿茶不同的是,高水温浸泡反而能够促进红茶内黄酮类保健物质的有效溶出,不但让滋味和香气更浓,还能更好发挥地它的保健功能。因而泡红茶最好用沸水,泡得久些更好。一般来说,5分钟最佳。红茶冲泡的用水量与绿茶相当。功夫红条茶可冲泡3次—4次,红碎茶则可冲泡1次—2次。
黑茶,重点在洗茶。以普洱茶为代表的黑茶,属于后发酵茶类,原料较为粗老。黑茶的特征在于"越陈越香",须经历较为剧烈的沸水冲泡过程,才能使所含成分充分溶出。散茶容易出味儿,而紧压砖茶还要经过烹煮。第一次冲泡黑茶,要用10秒钟快速洗茶,即先把茶叶放入杯中,倒入开水,过一会儿把水倒掉,再倒入开水,盖上杯盖。这样不仅滤去了茶叶的杂质,而且更香醇。后续冲泡时间常为5分钟。
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