青光眼,俗称“睁眼瞎”,是一种由于眼内房角忽然狭窄或关闭,房水不能及时排出,引起房水涨满、眼压 急剧升高而造成的失明的疾病,因患者瞳孔常呈青绿色而得名。其发病有地域、种族、性别和年龄等方面的差异,以亚洲地区尤其是我国多见;黄种人最多,黑种人次之,白种人最少;女性多见,男女比为1:3;多发生在40岁以上,50-70岁最多。
中老年人易患青光眼原因:
1、解剖因素,随年龄增长,晶体厚度增加导致前房变浅,就轻易产生虹膜与晶体靠紧,使房角变窄同,眼压升高。
2、由于老年人血管硬化,血压相对升高,房水排出要通过小梁网,Schlemm氏管,巩膜内管道进入上巩膜静脉,参加血液循环系统,因此老年人血管硬化,血管内膜增厚,管腔变窄,阻力增加,血压升高影响房水排出。
3、老年人性格有改变,易急易怒,情绪易激动,眼压受这些因素影响也可升高。
预防青光眼的3个措施:
1、保持愉快的情绪:生气和着急以及精神受刺激,很轻易使眼压升高,引起青光眼,所以平时要保持愉快的情绪,不要生气和着急,更不要为家务琐事焦虑不安。
2、保持良好的睡眠:睡眠不安和失眠,轻易引起眼压升高,诱发青光眼,老年人睡前要洗脚、喝牛奶,帮助入睡,必要时服催眠药 ,尤其是眼压较高的人,更要睡好觉。
3、少在光线暗的环境中工作或娱乐:在暗室工作的人,每1~2小时要走出暗室或适当开灯照明。情绪易激动的人,要少看电影,看电视时也要在电视机旁开小灯照明。
青光眼患者注重事项:
一、注重饮食结构
青光眼患者的饮食结构非常重要,荤素搭配要好。
肉类食物以煮牛肉最好。配菜可以用白菜。其他蔬菜如:煮甜菜、新鲜或煮过的胡萝卜、黄瓜、西红柿,加上切得很细的芹菜、茴香和少量植物油夜可以。
注重:只能吃煮鸡蛋,每周最多3个。
二、注重多活动
青光眼患者要注重多活动。假如患者的工作是整天都坐着的,建议在上班前一小时和下班后一小时到外面散散步,呼吸一下新鲜空气,要避免在密闭空间里。因为缺氧会对血管造成损害,而青光眼就是血管出现异常的表现。
三、要注重改善眼部供血
青光眼患者不仅要降低眼压 ,面且要改善微循环,改善眼部的供血。因此要多食用富含维生素A、B、C、E等抗氧化物的食品。它们能够维持正常的代谢过程。蔬菜、水果、粗粮、植物油中都含有丰富的维生素,患者可以多吃一些。
四、保持乐观的心情
愉快的心情对青光眼患者也是非常重要的。在生活中,患者最好不要急躁,经常保持乐观的心情,避免情绪激动。因为情绪激动会引起动脉血压升高,从而导致眼压升高。
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