消火栓是城镇消防供水的主要水源之一。消火栓分为室内消火栓和室外消火栓。室内消火栓安装在建筑物内消防管网上,为室内固定消防设备,用于扑救建筑物内火灾。室外消火栓安装在城镇自来水管网上,供消防队灭火用。与消火栓配套的消防设备有消火栓连接器和 室内消火栓箱。消防水泵接合器是消防车向室内给水管网补水的设备。
室内消火栓是室内管网向火场供火的、带有阀门的接口,为通用房屋内的固定消防设施 ,通常安装在消火栓箱内,与消防水带和水枪等器材配套使用。
室内消火栓主要材料为灰铸铁,由接口、阀体、手轮等组成。有三种型式:SN型—— 直角单出口室内消火栓;SNA型——45°单出口室内消火栓;SNS型——直角双出口室内消火栓。在安装使用和养护管理中应注意以下几点:
1.室内消火栓的安装,可按《给水排水标准图集》的要求进行安装。安装时要注意出水口的方向,以利使用时接装水带,对双出口消火栓,不接上水带的那个出水口应用闷盖盖 好。
2.当遇有火警时,迅速打开消火栓箱,取出水带、水枪,将水带一端接在消火栓上,另一端与水枪连接,随即把消火栓手轮顺开启方向旋开,即能喷水扑救火灾。对于水枪、水 带与室内消火栓已联接一起的,只要握住水枪,拉出水带,把消火栓手轮顺开启方向旋开,即能喷水扑救火灾。
3.平时应经常检查室内消火栓是否完好,有无锈蚀、渗漏现象,接口垫圈是否完整无缺,老化的应及时更换。消火栓枪、水带连接是否绑扎牢固。阀杆上应经常加注润滑油,以 防阀杆生锈。对长期不用的消火栓,要定期放水检查,使阀门转动机构得到转动机会,以便保证应急使用时能开启灵活自如,不会影响灭火。室内消火栓周围也不要乱堆乱放杂物,或 擅自圈占,以免妨碍使用。
消防水泵接合器是为高层建筑配套的自备消防设施,用以连接消防车、机动泵向建筑物内的管网输送消防用水。消防车通过该接合器的接口,向建筑物内的消防供水系统送水加压,使建筑物内部的室内消火栓或其它灭火装置得到充足的压力水源,用以扑灭不同楼层的火 灾,从而解决高层建筑发生火灾后消防车灭火困难或因建筑物内部的室内消防给水管道水压低,供水不足或无法供水等问题。
消防水泵接合器主要由弯管、本体、法兰接管、法兰弯管、接口、闸阀、止回阀、安全阀等零部件组成。弯管、本体、法兰接管、法兰弯管等主要零件的材料为灰铸铁。闸阀在管路上作为开关作用,平时常开。止回阀的作用是防止水倒流。安全阀用来保证管路水压不大 于1.6MPa,清除水锈破坏,以防意外。放水阀是供泄放管内余水之用,防止水冻腐蚀。底座支承着整个接合器,并和管路相连。接合器外露地上部分涂大红醇酸磁漆,地下涂黑色 沥青清漆,内表面涂红丹酚醛防锈漆。
消防水泵接合器的型式有三种:SQ型——地上消防水泵接合器;SQX型——地下消防水泵接合器;SQB型——墙壁消防水泵接合器。这三种型式适用安装于不同的场所。地上消防水泵接合器,栓身与接口高出地面,目标显著,使用方便。地下消防水泵接合器安装 在路面下不占地方,特别适用于寒冷地区。墙壁消防接合器安装在建筑物墙根处,墙面上只露三个接口和装饰标牌,目标清晰、美观,使用方便。在安装使用和养护管理中应注意以下 几点:
1.要按照规定的要求进行安装。使用消防水泵接合器的消防给水管路,应与生活用水管道分开,以防污染生活用水(如无条件分开,也应保证在使用时断开)。各零部件的连接及 与地下管道的连接均需密封,以防渗漏。安装好后,应保证管道水平,闸阀、放水阀等开启应灵活。并进行1.6MPa压力的水压试验。放水阀及安全阀溢水口,要和下水道其他水沟 相通,以便用完后放出余水。
2.操作时要先打开井盖,关闭放水阀;然后拧开外螺纹固定接口的闷盖,接上水带即可由消防车供水;用后,要开启放水阀盖好井盖;取下水带拧好固定接口的闷盖。
3.消防水泵接合器,必须定人管理,定期保养,保证在使用时能正常工作。对已老化的密封件应及时更换。要防止任意埋压、圈占消防水泵接合器。
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