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怎样预防劳动疾患 | 2011-4-1 8:44:00
劳动过程中引起的疾患都是长期的强制体位、器官过度紧张或局部压迫擦所致,而过度紧张和繁重的体力劳动,以及不良的劳动环境条件往往是促使这类疾病发生的原因。从技术改造入手,用机械化、自动化的作业替代这些繁重、紧张的作业,改善劳动条件和操作方式,是减少这类疾患的根本方法。但是在条件所限,尚不能达到要求的情况下,注意以下几点,还是可以预防和减少这类疾患的发生。
(1)改变不良的工作体位,尽量把屈曲、倾斜的体位改为端正的体位;把立位改位坐位,并使其舒适端正,高矮适合。工作台和座椅和高矮和距离要根据人的高度的长度调节。
(2)为防止压迫和摩擦引起的疾患,应使用形状合宜、软硬适度和不导热的把手,工具经常接触人体的部分应有软垫,并采用适当的个人防护用品。
(3)男女工人推拉装卸的抬举重物的重量标准,应按照规定的劳动负荷限量并严格加以执行。这对避免劳动造成的损伤,特别是女工、未成年工更为重要。
(4)对劳动者进行职业训练,如训练工人抬举重物时身体应尽量靠近物体,缓慢平稳地举起,不要突然猛举或扭转躯干,以避免扭伤、下背痛和疝气等。合理组织劳动,根据个人的体质选择适当的工作,安排适当的工间休息或交替更换岗位等。
(5)改善作业环境,如尽量避免高温高湿,对预防职业性下背痛、关节炎等具有一定的作用。给予充足合理的照明,是预防视觉器官紧张的重要措施等。
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