一日之计在于晨,一年之计在于春。随着春天的到来,春季养生也被提到议事日程上来。春天是自然界阳气生发、万物复苏的季节,中医学有“天人相应”的理论,春主生发之气,天人相应,适时进补,有益健康。深圳市中医院黄淑芬医生就建议春季养生首先从“身体大扫除”开始,并抓住春天这一好季节进行春季调理和春季出游,从而达到身心健康。
黄淑芬指出,立春后首先要进行“身体大扫除”。春天是扫除季节,身体也需要大扫除,“多喝果汁、多吃蔬菜,可以清肠,两周内不摄入任何糖和咖啡因、禁烟等都是不错的选择。”此外,春天最好禁酒,饮食不要过量,七分饱就可以了,这样会让你的身体更有活力。
然后就可以进入春季调理。春季调理宜抓住“益气升发、养阴柔肝、疏泄条达”的原则。所谓“益气升发”,即冬季人体新陈代谢变慢,阳气下降,春暖花开之时,正好可以重新补充身体的阳气。练习气功,则可以缓和神经肌肉,平衡自律神经系统,“试试看最简单的呼吸调节法,比如静静坐下或站定,全神贯注在呼吸调节中,一点一点用鼻子吸气、吐气,并重复数次。简单的深呼吸可以排除体内积热,让身体重新获得能量。”还可选用药膳,在药物选用方面应避免大辛大热之品而过于生散,也要避免寒凉太过。常用的药物有人参、黄芪、首乌、枸杞、山药等,还可以选用一些既是药物也是食物的中药,如韭叶、葱、生姜、大蒜、大枣、山药等。
第二是“养阴柔肝”。春季时体内的肝胆经脉旺盛活跃,若能在此时好好调养肝脏,便可以增强免疫力,让身体一年365天都维持在最佳状态。“中医里所说的‘肝’,包括了肝脏及神经内分泌系统、眼睛等,调养肝脏不仅在饮食、生活上必须有所节制,如少吃动物油和油炸食品,少到饭店吃饭,远离做菜使用的劣质油,每天吃1—2把坚果。最重要的是情绪要保持开朗,少发脾气,多微笑,尽量保持精神愉快,尤其要避免怒气。”黄淑芬说。
第三是“疏泻条达”。春天因气候变化大,加上阳光普照,常让人忽略初春的善变与寒冷。因此衣着最好慢慢减少,不要一下换上夏季的短袖短裤,以免造成寒邪伤肺,导致鼻塞、咳嗽感冒等,尤其老人外出时最好多加一件背心。“调养要以平补为原则,不能一味使用温热补品,以免春季气温上升,加重身体内热,损伤人体正气。”黄淑芬指出,可在中医医生指导下,通过顺应自然,结合体质,应用中药,“这主要是要注意饮食调理,饮食上春季宜甜少酸,还要少吃刺激性及不易消化的食物。”春天应该多吃新鲜的蔬菜、水果、豆制品等。
最后,春季是出游的好季节,我们应用五官体验新感受,让歇息已久的精神感官,在自然环境中重新复苏,或者在家中布置一个有春天感觉的小环境。
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