山清水秀、安静舒适的生活环境,能使人心情舒畅、延年益寿,可是,要是整天生活在噪音繁杂的生活环境中,你知道它对人身的危害吗?
1.损伤听力
人们长期在噪声环境里生活和工作,将会损伤人的听力。战争时期的炮兵战士患耳聋症的人很多,因为巨大的炮声,能造成人耳膜和听觉神经的严重损伤。在不同噪声强度下,耳聋的发病率也不同。在分贝以下的噪声环境里,工作年不致耳聋,在分贝以上,每增加分贝,耳聋率增加10%。
2.干扰睡眠
环境中的噪声在30 - 40分贝之间,人们会感到安静、舒适,利于睡眠和休息。当环境中的噪声超过分 贝时,就会干扰休息和睡眠。睡眠对人是极端重要的,它能使人体的新陈代谢得到调节,使大脑得到休息。使人消除疲劳,恢复体力,保证身体健康。但是,环境噪 声将会影响人们睡眠的质量和数量。连续噪声可以减低睡眠的深度,使熟睡变为轻睡,睡眠质量降低,熟睡时间变短。突然的环境噪声可以使人惊醒,破坏睡眠状 态。分贝的连续噪声,可以使10%的人受到影响;分贝使50%的人受到影响。突然的分贝噪声,可以使10%的人从睡梦中惊醒;分贝可以使70%的人惊醒。
3.干扰思维
环境里的噪声,干扰人们的正常交谈和思考。环境噪声超过分贝,人们将会感到吵闹,统计结果表明,当环境噪声达到分贝时,会有15%的人感到吵闹;分贝时有的人感到吵闹;在分贝以下,才能够使一般人感到安静。
4.对人体生理影响
环境噪声还影响人体的神经系统,出现头痛、睡眠障碍等神经衰弱症状,导致血压不稳,心律加快,肠胃功能紊乱,食欲下降,甲状腺机能亢进,代谢失调。
5.对人体心理影响
在噪声环境里,人们常常会感到烦恼、恐慌,容易激动、愤怒,失去理智。在工作中,导致精力不集中,容易发生事故。环境噪声里成长的儿童智力比安静环境里的儿童智力低20%。噪声环境可以导致孕妇胎儿畸形,儿童智力障碍。
6. 引发心血管病
日前,瑞典一项最新研究显示,如果长期暴露在分贝以上的交通噪音中,容易患高血压,甚至可能因此患其他心血管疾病。
最新一期英国《环境健康》杂志刊登瑞典隆德大学医院的一项研究说,该医院对岁至岁的两万多名瑞典人进行了大规模调查,结果显示,对岁以下的人来说,分贝以上交通噪音环境与患高血压之间有明显关联。岁至岁人群面临的其他许多风险因素相比,噪音的影响已相对下降。
7. 增加老人中风的危险
据国外媒体日报道,《欧洲心脏杂志》刊登丹麦一项新研究发现,长期暴露于嘈杂交通噪音环境,会增加岁以上老人的中风危险。对普通人群而言,路面噪音每增加分贝,中风危险增加14%。但是,对老年人而言,噪音起点为分贝,之后每增加分贝,老年人中风危险就会增加27%。
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