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磺化过程的危险性分析 | 2011-1-4 8:11:00
磺化是在有机化合物分子中引入磺(酸)基(-SO3H)的反应。常用的磺化剂有发烟硫酸、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钾、三氧化硫等。如用硝基苯与发烟硫酸生产间氨基苯磺酸钠,卤代烷与亚硫酸钠在高温加压条件下生成磺酸盐等均属磺化反应。
磺化过程危险性分析:
(1)三氧化硫是氧化剂,遇比硝基苯易燃的物质时会很快引起着火;另外,三氧化硫的腐蚀性很弱,但遇水则生成硫酸,同时会放出大量的热,使反应温度升高,不仅会造成沸溢或使磺化反应导致燃烧反应而起火或爆炸,还会因硫酸具有很强的腐蚀性,增加了对设备的腐蚀破坏。
(2)由于生产所用原料苯、硝基苯、氯苯等都是可燃物,而磺化剂浓硫酸、发烟硫酸(三氧化硫)、氯磺酸都是氧化性物质,且有的是强氧化剂,所以二者相互作用的条件下进行磺化反应是十分危险的,因为已经具备了可燃物与氧化剂作用发生放热反应的燃烧条件。这种磺化反应若投料顺序颠倒、投料速度过快、搅拌不良、冷却效果不佳等,都有可能造成反应温度升高,使磺化反应变为燃烧反应,引起着火或爆炸事故。
(3)磺化反应是放热反应,若在反应过程中得不到有效地冷却和良好的搅拌,都有可能引起反应温度超高,以至发生燃烧反应,造成爆炸或起火事故。
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