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【霍桑效应】 | 2010-11-20 7:04:00
心理学上的一种实验者效应。20世纪20-30年代,美国研究人员在芝加哥西方电力公司霍桑工厂进行的工作条件、社会因素和生产效益关系实验中发现了实验者效应,称霍桑效应。
实验的第一阶段是从1924年11月开始的工作条件和生产效益的关系,设为实验组和控制组。结果不管增加或控制照明度,实验组产量都上升,而且照明度不变的控制组产量也增加。另外,有试验了工资报酬、工间休息时间、每日工作长度和每周工作天数等因素,也看不出这些工作条件对生产效益有何直接影响。第二阶段的试验是由美国哈佛大学教授梅奥领导的,着重研究社会因素与生产效率的关系,结果发现生产效率的提高主要是由于被实验者在精神方面发生了巨大的变化。参加试验的工人被置于专门的实验室并由研究人员领导,其社会状况发生了变化,受到各方面的关注,从而形成了参与试验的感觉,觉得自己是公司中重要的一部分,从而使工人从社会角度方面被激励,促进产量上升。
这个效应告诉我们,当同学或自己受到公众的关注或注视时,学习和交往的效率就会大大增加。因此,我们在日常生活中要学会与他人友好相处,明白什么样的行为才是同学和 老师所接受和赞赏的,我们只有在生活和学习中不断地增加自己的良好行为,才可能受到更多人的关注和赞赏,也才可能让我们的学习不断进步,充满自信!
实验的第一阶段是从1924年11月开始的工作条件和生产效益的关系,设为实验组和控制组。结果不管增加或控制照明度,实验组产量都上升,而且照明度不变的控制组产量也增加。另外,有试验了工资报酬、工间休息时间、每日工作长度和每周工作天数等因素,也看不出这些工作条件对生产效益有何直接影响。第二阶段的试验是由美国哈佛大学教授梅奥领导的,着重研究社会因素与生产效率的关系,结果发现生产效率的提高主要是由于被实验者在精神方面发生了巨大的变化。参加试验的工人被置于专门的实验室并由研究人员领导,其社会状况发生了变化,受到各方面的关注,从而形成了参与试验的感觉,觉得自己是公司中重要的一部分,从而使工人从社会角度方面被激励,促进产量上升。
这个效应告诉我们,当同学或自己受到公众的关注或注视时,学习和交往的效率就会大大增加。因此,我们在日常生活中要学会与他人友好相处,明白什么样的行为才是同学
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