火灾事故防不胜防,当你万一置身于火场中时,如何正确应对脱离火海,怎样保障人身安全呢?火场逃生方法要领可要掌握:
(1)如果是身上着火,不能穿着衣服跑动,应迅速将衣服脱下或撕下,或就地翻滚将火压灭,但是不要滚动太快。
(2)发生火灾后大量的有毒气体迷散在空气的上部分,因此要迅速用湿毛巾、湿手帕捂鼻护嘴,弯腰或匍匐前进(湿毛巾要叠成八层,在10分钟内湿毛巾可以吸收有毒气体,10分钟后失去作用,所以要抓紧时间逃生)。但是发生石油液化气或煤气火灾时不宜采用匍匐前进方式;
(3)遮盖护身:将湿大衣、棉被、毛毯等遮盖在身上冲出火场,但是要注意用湿毛巾、湿手帕捂鼻护嘴,防止一氧化碳中毒;逃生时如果你在低层一定要往楼下跑,而不能往楼上跑(因为有毒气体由于烟囱效应都往上跑),但是如果你在高层的话你就必须往楼顶跑,并大声呼救。
(4)寻找避难场所:如果火势较大,无法逃生,可以退入一个房间内(如卫生间)将门缝用毛巾、毛毯、棉被等织物封死,并且不停的往上面浇水,有条件可以把浴缸放满水人躲在浴缸里面。也可以到室外阳台、楼顶平台等待救援;
(5)摸墙逃生法:发生火灾以后由于停电四周一片黑暗,加之火灾的威胁,人容易紧张,常常会犯两个错误。第一就是内心慌乱,总是喜欢往有光的地方跑,而这些有光的地方往往就是火场,所以往往有去无回;第二就是从众心理,看着别人往那里跑就跟着往那里跑,结果出口没有找到反而你踩我我踩你,造成很多人被踩死、踩伤。所以发生火灾后一定要镇静,要立即采取防护措施(如戴上防毒面具,或者按上面的方法用湿手帕捂鼻护嘴)然后再采用摸墙法逃生,具体做法就是双手摸着墙壁往前走,这样做的好处是可以顺利找到出口,还可以防止天花板上的东西掉下来将人砸死砸伤)。
(6)被迫跳楼逃生:如无条件采取上述方法,而时间又十分紧迫,烟火威胁严重,低层楼(三层以下,生还率只有38﹪)可采取跳楼逃生的方法。跳楼时首先向地面抛一些厚棉被、沙发垫子,以增加缓冲,然后手扶窗台往下滑,并保证双脚先落地;(注意发生火灾时千万不能乘坐电梯)。
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