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硝化反应的主要危险性概述 | 2010-9-18 7:55:00
硝化通常是指在有机化合物分子中引入硝基(—NO2),取代氢原子而生成硝基化合物的反应。如甲苯硝化生产梯恩梯(TNT)、苯硝化制取硝基苯、甘油硝化制取硝化甘油等。   
  硝化过程的火灾危险性主要是:  
  (1)硝化是一个放热反应,引入一个硝基要放热1522153 kJmol,所以硝化需要降温条件下进行。在硝化反应中,倘若稍有疏忽,如中途搅拌停止、冷却水供应不良、加料速度过快等,都会使温度猛增、混酸氧化能力加强,并有多硝基物生成,容易引起着火和爆炸事故。  
  (2)硝化剂具有氧化性,常用硝化剂浓硝酸、硝酸、浓硫酸、发烟硫酸、混合酸等都具有较强的氧化性、吸水性和腐蚀性。它们与油脂、有机物,特别是不饱和的有机化合物接触即能引起燃烧;在制备硝化剂时,若温度过高或落入少量水,会促使硝酸的大量分解和蒸发,不仅会导致设备的强烈腐蚀,还可造成爆炸事故。   
  (3)被硝化的物质大多易燃,如苯、甲苯、甘油(丙三醇)、脱酯棉等,不仅易燃,有的还兼有毒性,如使用或储存管理不当,很易造成火灾。
  (4)硝化产品大都有着火爆炸的危险性,特别是多硝基化合物和硝酸酯,受热、摩擦、撞击或接触着火源,极易发生爆炸或着火。
Re:硝化反应的主要危险性概述 | 2010-9-18 7:59:37
章仁根牢记危险,认真防范,确保安全.
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原创 | 2016-9-6 21:59:59
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原创 | 2016-9-28 21:37:48
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原创 | 2016-9-30 16:18:26
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-9 14:45:15
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-13 15:14:31
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-14 4:08:10
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-15 9:00:46
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-15 19:49:37
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-20 1:04:21
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-20 4:42:46
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-20 17:28:23
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 2:10:30
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 3:54:45
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 13:04:07
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-3-4 15:07:00
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