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神经性毒剂的中毒急救 | 2010-9-5 10:02:00

神经性毒剂都含有磷,由于其对人畜毒性剧烈,又无特殊色、味,而且便于制造和使用,因此,多被用于战争或恐怖活动中。如前不久日本东京地铁毒气事件中所用的即是此类毒剂之———沙林。此外,还有梭曼、塔崩、维爱克斯等。

(一)毒理作用

本类毒剂系胆硷能神经毒剂,主要是抑制体内胆酯酶的活性,致使胆硷酯酶不能水解乙酰胆硷,造成乙酰胆硷大量蓄积,使得被胆硷能神经支配的器官活动过度增高,尤其是副交感神经机能亢进最为突出。

(二)中毒表现

中毒症状出现的早晚与中毒方式及中毒量有密切关系。本类毒剂可通过蒸气态和液滴态两种形式引起中毒。中毒症状可按毒理作用分成以下几种:

1.毒蕈硷样症状;主要表现为恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻;瞳孔缩小,大量出汗及流涎,肺水肿;呼吸困难,血压上升等。

2.菸硷性症状:主要表现为肌肉的震颤、抽搐,肌张力减退,尤其是呼吸肌,严重时可致麻痹。肌肉震颤开始往往以面部小肌肉群为主,肋间肌肉的震颤也多能见到,大肌群的震颤较少发生。

3.中枢神经系统症状:头痛头晕,烦躁不安,昏睡,严重者陷入昏迷。

(三)急救

呼吸道吸入者,应立即离开现场,至空气新鲜流通的地方;有条件者可吸入氧气;如系皮肤粘膜沾染,应立即脱去衣服,并用肥皂或其他硷性溶液充分洗净;如毒物已经消化道进入者,应立即用硷性溶液(小苏打水、淡肥皂水)洗胃、催吐等。

应用特效拮抗物,如阿托品等。同时使用胆硷酯酶复活剂,如解磷定、氯磷定、双复磷等。

在使用阿托品及解磷定等针对中毒原因及主要症状的药物外,也不可忽视其他严重紧急症状,如肺水肿、呼吸困难、精神烦躁、水电解质失衡、感染等。
Re:神经性毒剂的中毒急救 | 2010-9-5 10:07:37
章仁根了解神经性毒剂(有机磷)中毒症状,预防事故,
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原创 | 2016-9-6 20:35:29
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原创 | 2016-9-28 20:11:26
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原创 | 2016-9-30 14:51:51
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-8 14:43:02
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-11 5:35:33
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-15 3:37:08
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-17 8:59:49
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-21 16:00:41
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-21 23:23:15
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 11:47:14
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 12:43:23
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 15:37:37
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 23:50:52
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-23 2:18:42
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-23 14:53:18
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-2-18 18:55:35
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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-2-18 22:43:31
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By:lcquy(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复
Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-2-19 23:44:02
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By:qgjlo(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复
Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-3-4 14:47:06
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