2012-2-5 21:29:00

春雷隆隆和大家说说雷电对人体的伤害以及如何防止雷击

春季是雷电灾害的多发季节，每当雷雨之时，天空阴云密布，大雨滂沱，一道闪电划破长空，远处传来隐隐雷声。突然，抢救室的电话急促响起，某居民小区发现有一个人倒在泥泞的雨水中，生死不明。当我们的救护车到达现场，医护人员发现伤者的颜面和口唇已经青紫，瞳孔散大固定，动脉搏动消失，呼吸停止。伤者约20多岁，斜挎的书包内塞满考试试题和参考书，手中握着一部手机。手指有被烧焦的痕迹。由现场情景判断，伤者可能是被雷电击伤，心跳骤停。我们紧急做了现场心肺复苏，但因心跳骤停时间较长，抢救无济于事。 　　雷电对人体可能造成的危害 　　科学不发达的时代，人们充满对雷电的恐怖，认为是天神发怒，惩罚有罪之人。后来随着科学的发展，人们逐渐了解到雷电是一种自然现象。闪电就是巨大的电火花。人是导电体，若被雷电直接击中头部，并且通过躯体传到地面，可以使心脏和神经麻痹，这时心脏可能停止跳动，或者发生室颤，就是心跳极不规则，心脏不能有效地射血，被击者无脉搏、无血压;脑神经受损可直接抑制心跳和呼吸中枢，使人几分钟内死亡。此外，尽管没有被雷电直接击中，也会引起事故。这是由于人体距离雷击点很近时，一部分雷电电流可通过“跨步电压”进入人体。 　　提醒各位雷雨天气要记住： 　　●雷电时首先关好门窗，防止雷电进屋。 　　●室内人员远离门窗、水管、煤气管等金属物体。 　　●雷电时忌用太阳能热水器洗澡。 　　●雷电时尽量不用电器，拔掉电源插头，防止雷电从电源入侵。 　　●雷电时不要打电话，尤其不能打手机，我们前去急救的那位青年学生很可能就是雷电时打手机而致命的。 　　●雷电时正在路上的行人，避雨时不能靠近孤立的高楼、电杆、烟囱、高耸的房角屋檐、广告牌、高塔等，更不能站在空旷的高地上或大树下躲雨，尽量寻找低洼地或者下蹲降低身体高度。 　　●立即停止室外游泳、划船、钓鱼等水上活动。 　　●如多人共处室外，相互间不要挤靠，以防被雷电击中后电流互相传导。

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